The Retirement of Longtime Democratic Rep. Jerry Nadler

The **New York State Assembly** is the lower chamber of the New York State Legislature, playing a pivotal role in shaping the state's laws and budget. Comprising 150 members, each serving two-year terms without term limits, the Assembly convenes at the State Capitol in Albany[1][5]. The organization is responsible for introducing and passing bills on public policy, setting state spending levels, and voting on gubernatorial vetoes[1]. It also reviews the governor's annual budget, ensuring fiscal responsibility[2]. ### History The Assembly's roots date back to the colonial era, evolving into a bicameral legislature with the Senate under the Constitution of 1777. Initially, Assembly members were elected for one-year terms, with the number of representatives proportional to the district's population[7]. Over time, the Assembly has adapted to changing societal needs, expanding its role in governance. ### Key Achievements The Assembly has been instrumental in passing legislation that impacts various sectors, including education, healthcare, and environmental protection. Notable achievements include reforms in education funding and initiatives to promote renewable energy. ### Current Status Currently, the Assembly is led by Speaker Carl Heastie, who has been in office since 2015. The Speaker plays a crucial role in guiding the legislative agenda and controlling committee assignments[5]. The Assembly continues to address pressing issues such as economic development and social justice. ### Notable Aspects - **Legislative Process**: The Assembly uses a robust system of committees and resolutions to address a wide range of issues. Members can propose bills, which are then debated and voted on by the full Assembly[3][6]. - **Leadership Structure**: The Speaker of the Assembly is elected by the Majority Conference and confirmed by the full Assembly. This position holds significant influence over the legislative process[8]. - **Technological Integration**: The Assembly utilizes electronic voting systems to streamline decision-making processes, enhancing efficiency and transparency[6]. The New York State Assembly remains

## Overview The **U.S. House of Representatives** is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, which—alongside the Senate—comprises the nation’s legislative branch[1][2]. Established by Article I of the U.S. Constitution, its structure reflects the “Great Compromise,” balancing population-based representation (the House) with equal state representation (the Senate)[5][7]. The House currently consists of 435 voting members, apportioned among the 50 states based on population, plus six non-voting delegates representing Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and other U.S. territories[1][4]. ## Functions and Powers The House plays a pivotal role in the federal government, with exclusive authority to initiate revenue (tax) bills, impeach federal officials, and elect the president in the event of an Electoral College tie[1][2][4]. It is central to the federal budget process, shaping and passing appropriations bills that fund government operations[3]. The House also holds investigative and oversight powers, scrutinizing the executive branch to ensure accountability[8]. All legislation must pass both the House and Senate in identical form before reaching the president’s desk[5]. ## History and Evolution Since its inception in 1789, the House has been directly elected by the people, with members serving two-year terms to ensure responsiveness to public opinion[4]. Initially, suffrage was limited, but expanded over time, especially after constitutional amendments and the civil rights movement[2]. The House’s structure—based on population—was designed to give populous states greater influence, while the Senate protects smaller states’ interests[5][7]. ## Leadership and Operations Leadership is dominated by a majority-rule system, with the Speaker of the House—elected by members and traditionally from the majority party—wielding significant influence over the legislative agenda and committee assignments[3][7]. The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession[3].