Trump Administration Seeks Supreme Court Review on Domestic Troop Deployment in Chicago

The **United States Department of Justice (DOJ)** is a federal executive department responsible for enforcing federal laws, ensuring public safety, defending the interests of the United States, and upholding civil rights. Established in 1870 to consolidate federal legal affairs under the Attorney General, the DOJ has grown into a vast organization with over 115,000 employees and a budget exceeding $22 billion[1][4][5]. It operates through more than 40 component organizations, including prominent law enforcement agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and the U.S. Marshals Service[1][4][5]. The DOJ’s core mission is to uphold the rule of law, keep the nation safe, protect civil rights, and ensure a fair and impartial administration of justice across federal, state, local, tribal, and international levels[2][5]. It investigates and prosecutes federal crimes, including terrorism, drug trafficking, organized crime, financial fraud, and cybercrime. The FBI, as the DOJ’s principal investigative arm, leads in areas such as counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and cybercrime[6]. Additionally, the DOJ manages federal prisons and provides leadership and resources to state and local law enforcement agencies. Historically, the DOJ’s origins trace back to the Judiciary Act of 1789, which created the Attorney General's office. Its establishment as a separate department in 1870 allowed for greater coordination of federal law enforcement and legal representation of the government[2][4]. Over time, the DOJ has played a critical role in landmark civil rights enforcement, combating organized crime, and adapting to modern challenges such as cyber threats and international criminal cooperation[1][5]. Today, headquartered in Washington, D.C., with field offices nationwide and abroad, the DOJ continues to influence national security and justice policy, balancing traditional law enforcement with evolving technological and societal demands.

The **Supreme Court of the United States**, commonly referred to as SCOTUS, is the highest court in the U.S. federal judiciary. Established by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, it plays a pivotal role in interpreting the Constitution and federal laws, ensuring their alignment with the founding document. ## Organization and History Founded in 1789, the Supreme Court initially consisted of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. Over time, the number of justices has fluctuated, settling at nine in 1869[4]. The Court's primary function is to adjudicate cases involving federal law and the Constitution, with the power to review and overturn decisions from lower courts[1][6]. It also has original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors, consuls, and disputes between states[1]. ## Key Achievements One of the Supreme Court's most significant achievements is the establishment of judicial review through the landmark case **Marbury v. Madison** in 1803. This decision allowed the Court to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional, setting a precedent for its role in checking the legislative and executive branches[1][2]. ## Current Status Today, the Supreme Court continues to play a crucial role in shaping U.S. law and policy. It meets annually from October to June or July, reviewing thousands of petitions and deciding around 80 cases each year[1][2]. The Court's decisions often have profound impacts on business and technology, influencing regulatory environments and legal frameworks. ## Notable Aspects - **Independence**: Justices are appointed for life, ensuring the Court's independence from political pressures. - **Influence on Business and Technology**: Supreme Court rulings can significantly impact business practices and technological innovation by clarifying legal standards and regulatory frameworks. - **Symbolism**: The Court is symbolically important, with its motto "Equal Justice Under Law" reflecting its commitment to fairness and impartiality[3].