The **American Medical Association (AMA)**, founded in 1847 by Nathan Smith Davis in Philadelphia, is the largest and only national association in the U.S. representing over 190 state and specialty medical societies with a membership of approximately 271,660 as of 2022[1][6][7]. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, the AMA's mission is to promote the science and art of medicine, advocate for physicians, and improve public health.
The AMA's early history was marked by efforts to regulate medical practice and protect the public. It campaigned against quack remedies and patent medicines, influencing legislation such as the Drug Importation Act of 1848 and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906[1]. The organization also pioneered medical record standardization and vaccination mandates, including compulsory smallpox vaccination laws at the turn of the 20th century[1]. It launched influential medical publications, notably the *Journal of the American Medical Association* (JAMA) in 1883, which remains a leading medical journal today[1].
The AMA played a significant role in shaping medical education, supporting reforms inspired by the 1910 Flexner Report, which emphasized rigorous academic standards, full-time faculty, and integration of research and clinical practice—principles that transformed U.S. medical training and hospital systems[4].
Despite its foundational role, the AMA's history includes controversy, particularly regarding racial exclusion policies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that prompted the establishment of the National Medical Association as an alternative for Black physicians[3].
Today, the AMA continues to be a powerful advocate for physicians and healthcare policy, offering essential resources such as continuing medical education (CME), practice management tools, and a comprehensive residency and fellowship database (FREIDA)[6][7]. It is deeply involved in addressing current healthcare challenges, including physician advocacy, public health initiatives, and technological advancements in medicine.
Notably, the AMA’s origins trace back to