## Comprehensive Summary: Armenia **Armenia** is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus, recognized for its ancient heritage, vibrant culture, and dynamic economic evolution. It gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and has since navigated a complex geopolitical landscape, marked by conflicts, political transformation, and ambitious reforms[5]. As of 2025, Armenia has a population of about 2.65 million and a GDP of $25.8 billion, with a GDP per capita of $8,500[2][6]. The capital is Yerevan, and the country operates as a unitary multiparty republic with a parliamentary system[6]. ## Key Sectors and Economic Profile Armenia’s economy is anchored in mining—especially copper, gold, zinc, and lead—contributing significantly to exports[5]. Other major exports include chemicals, machinery, textiles, wine, and brandy[6]. However, Armenia remains heavily dependent on imports for energy and consumer goods, with Russia as its largest trading partner[6]. The country faces persistent trade deficits, exacerbated by closed borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey, limiting regional connectivity and market access[5][6]. Despite these constraints, Armenia has shown economic resilience, particularly after the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which triggered a large influx of refugees and increased fiscal pressures[2][10]. ## Recent Developments and Reforms Armenia’s 2018 Velvet Revolution ushered in a period of democratic reform and anti-corruption efforts[2]. In March 2025, the Armenian parliament approved initiating the process to join the European Union, signaling a strategic foreign policy shift toward greater integration with Europe[2]. The government is pursuing reforms in education, healthcare, justice, and social protection to enhance human capital and attract investment[2]. Inflation has been managed effectively, with the Central Bank cutting rates to 6.75
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President Trump will be involved in the peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan, showcasing his diplomatic efforts and potentially impacting his political career.