The **Chinese Coast Guard (CCG)** is a maritime law enforcement agency responsible for protecting China's territorial waters, enforcing maritime laws, safeguarding maritime rights, and conducting search and rescue operations. It plays a crucial role in asserting China's sovereignty claims, particularly in contested areas such as the South China Sea. The CCG's history traces back to its establishment as a unified maritime law enforcement force under the State Oceanic Administration, later integrated with the People's Armed Police to enhance maritime security capabilities. Over time, it has evolved into a paramilitary force equipped with large patrol cutters, some comparable in size to naval warships, reflecting China’s growing emphasis on maritime power projection. A notable aspect of the CCG is its active involvement in territorial disputes, especially in the South China Sea. In 2025, the CCG was involved in a high-profile incident near Scarborough Shoal, where one of its cutters collided with a Chinese Navy destroyer while aggressively maneuvering against a smaller Philippine Coast Guard vessel. This incident highlights the CCG’s increasingly assertive posture in enforcing China's expansive maritime claims, despite international rulings like the 2016 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that contradict these claims[1][2]. The CCG also frequently uses tactics such as ramming and water cannons against foreign vessels, intensifying tensions in disputed maritime zones. For example, in October 2025, it rammed and damaged a Philippine government fisheries vessel near Thitu Island, further demonstrating its role in China’s maritime sovereignty enforcement efforts[5]. Technologically, the CCG operates advanced cutters and has been involved in deployments alongside China’s naval forces, showcasing integrated capabilities. It also participates in broader regional security activities, including deployments of maritime security officers and new surveillance technology like buoys to contested areas[7]. Currently, the CCG remains a key instrument of China’s maritime strategy, balancing law enforcement, sovereignty assertion, and paramilitary functions, making it an organization of significant interes