The **Conservative Party** is the oldest political party in the United Kingdom and arguably the world, with origins tracing back to the Tory faction of the late 17th century. It officially adopted the name "Conservative" in the 1830s under Sir Robert Peel, who articulated its principles in the 1834 *Tamworth Manifesto*. This manifesto emphasized reforming abuses, maintaining law and order, establishing an orderly tax system, and supporting land interests, trade, and industry, laying the groundwork for the modern party[1][2][3][5]. Historically, the party evolved from an aristocratic coalition into a broad-based political force under leaders such as Benjamin Disraeli in the late 19th century. Disraeli expanded the party's appeal beyond landed interests by championing social reform and imperial policy, thereby attracting middle-class and working-class voters. The Conservatives have been central to British governance for much of the past two centuries, alternating dominance with the Labour Party since the 1920s[3][5][6]. Key achievements include shaping Britain's industrial and imperial policies in the 19th century, managing Britain's role during World War II under Winston Churchill, and spearheading significant economic and social reforms under Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1990. Thatcherism, characterized by free-market policies, deregulation, and reduced state intervention, marked a radical shift in British politics and economics. The party's contemporary history involves adapting to changing political landscapes, including leadership transitions and electoral challenges[4][6]. Currently, the Conservative Party remains a major political force in the UK, known for its centre-right stance advocating fiscal conservatism, free enterprise, and a strong national defense. It continues to influence business and technology sectors by promoting innovation, deregulation, and investment in emerging industries, aligning with its historical emphasis on trade and industry[6]. Notably, the Conservative Party maintains a legacy of political innovation, from early organizational reforms like the Carlton Club t