U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is a federal agency primarily responsible for securing the nation’s borders, facilitating lawful trade and travel, and countering terrorism. Established as part of the Department of Homeland Security, CBP enforces laws related to immigration, customs, and agriculture at U.S. ports of entry and along borders[1][4]. CBP’s mission has evolved with changing political priorities, notably under recent administrations. In 2025, CBP’s core focus areas include border security enhancements, trade facilitation using advanced technology, and immigration enforcement, aligning with policies such as the “Securing our Borders” Executive Order signed on January 20, 2025, which directed CBP to strengthen operational efficiency and border security during the first 100 days of the administration[1][3]. Technological innovation is a key element of CBP’s strategy. The agency launched the CBP One mobile app to streamline traveler access to services, including scheduling inspections of biological products and managing asylum processes digitally. This app represents a significant modernization effort to improve efficiency and transparency at border crossings, although it has also been subject to legal challenges related to immigration policies implemented alongside it[2]. Historically, CBP has been instrumental in intercepting illegal drugs, preventing unauthorized entry, and facilitating international trade compliance. Its operations integrate biometrics, non-intrusive inspection technologies, and smart border infrastructure to address contemporary security threats and trade demands[1]. Currently, CBP balances its enforcement role with the facilitation of legitimate commerce and travel amid dynamic immigration laws and policies. It remains a critical agency at the intersection of national security, commerce, and immigration, continuously adapting through technology and policy to meet complex border management challenges[1][2][4].