Dublin Airport, operated by daa PLC, is Ireland’s premier aviation gateway and the busiest airport in the country, ranking as the 13th busiest in Europe. It serves over 33 million passengers annually as of 2024, with projections to approach 40 million by the end of this decade, reflecting steady growth despite regulatory caps and operational constraints[1][3][6]. The airport connects Ireland globally with over 190 destinations across 42 countries served by 45 airlines, facilitating vital links for business, tourism, and trade[6]. Historically, Dublin Airport has expanded significantly, with Terminal 2 opening in 2010 at a cost of €600 million, designed to handle up to 15 million passengers annually and serve as the hub for Aer Lingus’s transatlantic flights, featuring a U.S. pre-clearance facility that enhances passenger convenience and operational efficiency[3]. The airport continually invests in infrastructure and passenger experience, including planned expansions of Terminal 1 lounges, new fast track facilities, and improved passenger seating to accommodate rising demand, especially during peak travel seasons like summer 2025 when over 10 million passengers are expected[2][5]. A notable achievement is the airport’s ability to maintain high passenger satisfaction levels, with security processing times kept under 20 minutes for 90% of travelers and ratings averaging 8.7 to 9.2 out of 10. This is facilitated by innovations such as relaxed security protocols for carrying liquids and electronics, improving throughput and passenger comfort[5]. Dublin Airport's capacity management is subject to regulatory oversight by the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA), which has set seat capacity limits but has also been involved in recent legal rulings allowing growth beyond previous passenger caps, enabling daa to plan for future expansions and increased traffic[1][4]. Currently, Dublin Airport is a hub of technological and infrastructural advancement, balancing growth with sustainability measures like noise quotas and night flight caps. Its strategic importance to Ireland’