The **European Postal Services** sector encompasses the collection, sorting, transportation, and delivery of mail and parcels across Europe, involving both national postal operators and private courier companies. This sector is integral to communication, trade, and commerce, with an estimated annual revenue of around €79 billion and employing over 1.7 million people in the EU[9]. The operation of postal services in Europe is shaped by regulatory frameworks, including the **European Regulators Group for Postal Services (ERGP)**, which advises the European Commission and promotes coordination among EU countries to maintain service quality and standardization[1]. Historically, postal services in Europe evolved from early courier networks in ancient empires to sophisticated modern systems. Since 1993, the European Commission has fostered the development of technical standards that ensure consistent quality of service across member states[1]. The universal service obligation (USO) is a landmark regulatory feature, guaranteeing basic postal services—such as delivery of letters and parcels up to certain weights—at affordable prices for all citizens, five days a week. Member States implement the USO flexibly, often designating the historical public operator or its successor as the universal service provider[2]. In recent years, the European postal sector has faced significant technological and cybersecurity challenges. The increased reliance on digital systems has heightened vulnerability to cyber threats like ransomware, malware, phishing, and insider attacks. The EU’s NIS2 Directive explicitly includes postal services as critical infrastructure, mandating stringent cybersecurity measures to enhance resilience[9]. Key achievements include continuous data collection and analysis through the EU Postal Survey since 2014, supporting evidence-based policymaking and market transparency[1]. The sector also benefits from international cooperation via the European Commission’s observer role at the Universal Postal Union and involvement in EU trade negotiations[1]. Currently, European postal services balance tradition with innovation, integrating digital technologies while maintaining universal access. This mix of regulatory oversight, technological adaptation, and international collaboration positions the sector as a vital, evolvin