The **European Union (EU)** is a unique political and economic union of 27 European countries committed to regional integration, peace, and prosperity. It was established with roots dating back to the 1950s to foster economic cooperation and prevent conflict in Europe, evolving into a complex supranational organization that shapes policies in trade, environment, security, technology, and social affairs. The EU operates a **single market** allowing the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among member states, making it one of the world’s largest economies. It develops common policies on competition, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development, and it has a shared currency, the euro, used by 20 member states. The organization also emphasizes innovation and digital transition, aiming to boost competitiveness and sustainability through initiatives like the **Green Deal** and the **Net-Zero Industry Act** to lead global climate action and technology development[1][7]. Historically, the EU has expanded from six founding members to 27, with ongoing enlargement plans targeting 35 members by 2030. It has played a critical role in post-pandemic recovery via the **Next Generation EU** fund, a €750 billion recovery package designed to rebuild economies and invest in green and digital transitions[5]. The EU also actively responds to geopolitical challenges, exemplified by its firm stance and sanctions against Russia following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, alongside pooled military aid to Ukraine[5]. In 2025, the EU faces key challenges including balancing economic security, climate ambitions, and internal political pressures amid a changing geopolitical landscape. Its annual **State of the Union** address outlines priorities like enhancing the single market, supporting industries to decarbonize, and fostering quality jobs[3][4]. The EU is also focused on strengthening connectivity and energy infrastructure to sustain growth and digital transformation[6]. Notably, the EU remains a global actor in trade regulation and development cooperation, navigating complex relations with powers like the US and