**Exxon Mobil Corporation** is a leading American multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Spring, Texas. Formed in 1999 through the merger of Exxon and Mobil, it is the largest U.S.-based oil and gas company and ranks as the 13th-largest company globally by revenue[1]. ExxonMobil is vertically integrated across the energy sector, encompassing upstream oil and gas exploration and production, downstream refining and marketing, and chemicals manufacturing, producing plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemical products[1][2]. Historically, ExxonMobil is a direct successor to John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil, linking it to one of the earliest and most influential enterprises in the petroleum industry[1]. The company has played a pivotal role in shaping global energy markets and advancing petroleum technology. However, it has faced significant criticism and legal challenges, particularly regarding environmental issues such as the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, one of the worst ecological disasters in history, and its historical resistance to acknowledging fossil fuels’ role in climate change[1]. Currently, ExxonMobil operates through three main business segments: Upstream, focusing on oil and gas exploration and production; Product Solutions, integrating downstream and chemical operations to develop innovative, lower-emission fuels; and Low Carbon Solutions, which targets emissions reduction technologies including carbon capture, hydrogen, and biofuels[2]. The company continues to invest heavily in expanding its resource base and technology, with recent projects in the Permian Basin and advances in carbon materials and computing power[3]. Financially, ExxonMobil remains robust, reporting $7.5 billion in earnings in Q3 2025 and strong cash flows supporting substantial shareholder returns through dividends and share repurchases[3]. Its Global Outlook, projecting energy demand and supply to 2050, emphasizes the ongoing importance of affordable, reliable energy and a balanced approach to environmental sustainability and economic growth[4]. Notably, ExxonMobil is the largest investor-owned oil company globall