The **Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)** is a U.S. government agency under the Department of Homeland Security, established in 1979 by President Jimmy Carter to coordinate disaster response and recovery nationwide[1][2]. Its core mission is to manage federal assistance when disasters overwhelm local and state capabilities, providing expert support, funding, and resources to affected communities[1][2]. FEMA also focuses on preparedness and resilience-building before disasters through education, training, and engagement with local governments and organizations[2]. Historically, federal disaster aid dates back to the early 1800s, but FEMA was created to unify emergency management and civil defense efforts under one agency. Since its inception, FEMA has evolved to cover a broad range of hazards, including natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as man-made crises such as terrorist attacks[1][2]. The agency operates 10 regional offices and employs over 20,000 people, with workforce surges during major emergencies reaching up to 50,000[2]. FEMA's key achievements include coordinating large-scale federal responses to catastrophic events such as Hurricane Katrina, the Oklahoma City bombing, and more recently, the 2024 hurricanes Helene and Milton, where it approved billions in aid and deployed thousands of responders[1][2]. Beyond immediate disaster response, FEMA administers programs like low-interest disaster loans, grants for infrastructure rebuilding, and training for first responders[1]. It also manages floodplain mapping and flood insurance regulations critical for risk management and urban planning[3]. Currently, FEMA remains a pivotal agency in disaster management, increasingly integrating technology and data-driven strategies to improve emergency preparedness and response efficiency[1][2]. Its role extends to coordinating with state and local governments, nonprofits, and federal partners to enhance national resilience against evolving risks. Overall, FEMA represents a vital intersection of government, technology, and community engagement in safeguarding the United States from a wide array of emergencies.