The **French President** is the head of state of France under the Fifth Republic, serving as the highest-ranking official and representing the nation both domestically and internationally. Established by the 1958 Constitution, this office embodies a semi-presidential system blending presidential and parliamentary features, with significant executive authority complemented by a prime minister who manages day-to-day government affairs[5][6]. The president is elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term (reduced from seven years in 2000). Key responsibilities include appointing the prime minister and ministers, chairing the weekly Council of Ministers meetings where governmental policies and bills are discussed, and enacting laws. The president also serves as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces with exclusive authority over nuclear weapons and presides over national defense committees[2][5][7]. Importantly, the president guarantees national independence, territorial integrity, and the respect of international treaties[1][2]. While the government generally determines domestic policy, the president plays a pivotal role in guiding national defense and foreign policy and ensuring the smooth functioning of state institutions. The president can dissolve the National Assembly, call referendums on certain issues, and assume exceptional powers in times of crisis[1][5]. The office also holds a unique international role as the co-prince of Andorra alongside the Bishop of Urgell, appointing representatives to govern this microstate[2]. Historically, French presidents have wielded varying degrees of power depending on parliamentary majorities and political cohabitation—periods where the president and prime minister come from opposing parties, shifting executive authority more toward the prime minister[4][6]. Notable achievements of the presidency include navigating France through critical global events, shaping European integration, and modernizing French institutions. Currently, the presidency remains central to French political life, balancing symbolic leadership with substantial executive powers, particularly in foreign affairs and defense, while adapting to evolving domestic political dynamics[3][6][9].