## Overview of the G20 The Group of Twenty (G20) is an international forum that brings together the world’s largest economies—19 sovereign countries plus the European Union and, since 2023, the African Union—to address pressing global economic and financial issues[1][2]. Collectively, G20 members represent about 85% of global GDP, over 75% of international trade, and nearly two-thirds of the world’s population[1][3]. The forum’s influence is significant, though it operates without a permanent secretariat or staff; instead, the G20 Presidency rotates annually among its members, with support from a “troika” of past, present, and future host countries to ensure continuity[1][3]. ## History and Purpose The G20 was established in 1999 in response to financial crises of the late 1990s, with the aim of promoting international economic stability and cooperation[2][4]. Originally a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors, it elevated to a leaders’ summit in 2008 during the global financial crisis, which marked a turning point in its prominence[2][4]. Since then, the G20 has become the premier platform for coordinating macroeconomic policy, though its agenda has broadened to include trade, climate change, sustainable development, health, digital economy, and even geopolitical issues like terrorism and migration[2][5]. ## Key Achievements One of the G20’s most notable achievements was its coordinated response to the 2008 global financial crisis, which helped stabilize the world economy[4]. The group has also driven reforms in international financial regulation, supported global climate agreements, and advanced the digital economy as a key growth driver[5]. Initiatives like the G20/OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project and the G20 AI Principles reflect its evolving role in addressing cross-border taxation and technology governance[6]. The inclusion of the African Union in