The **Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)** is a preferential trade program designed to promote economic growth in developing countries by providing reduced or duty-free tariffs on various products exported to developed countries. Unlike the "most favored nation" (MFN) principle, which mandates equal tariff treatment among World Trade Organization (WTO) members, GSP allows developed countries to apply differential tariff reductions favoring developing and least-developed countries to boost their integration into global trade[1][2]. The concept of GSP originated in the 1960s amid discussions at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), where developing countries sought special tariff preferences to accelerate their economic development. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) formalized this in 1971 by granting temporary waivers to MFN obligations, which became permanent with the 1979 "enabling clause," allowing nonreciprocal, non-discriminatory preferences to developing countries under GSP programs[1]. Major developed economies, including the European Union and the United States, administer their own GSP schemes within the WTO framework. The EU's GSP is notable for its comprehensive structure, offering three tiers: the Standard GSP for low- and middle-income countries; GSP+ for countries committed to sustainable development and human rights conventions; and the Everything But Arms (EBA) arrangement providing duty-free access for least-developed countries except for arms[3]. The U.S. GSP similarly offers duty-free entry for eligible products from developing countries, aiming to foster industrialization, job creation, and poverty alleviation[4][5][6]. Key achievements of GSP include increased export opportunities for beneficiary countries, fostering economic diversification, and supporting sustainable development goals. However, challenges persist, such as limited impact in some regions, eligibility restrictions, administrative complexity, and concerns about competition from beneficiary goods in developed markets[2]. Currently, GSP remains a vital instrument for trade-driven development, evolvin