The Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a cornerstone of transparency and accountability in the U.S. federal government. Established in 1921 as the General Accounting Office by the Budget and Accounting Act, it was renamed the Government Accountability Office in 2004 to better reflect its expanded mission. As an independent, nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch, the GAO serves as the “congressional watchdog,” providing Congress with objective, reliable information to inform policy decisions and ensure taxpayer dollars are spent efficiently and effectively. The GAO’s primary functions include auditing federal agencies, evaluating government programs, investigating allegations of waste, fraud, and abuse, and issuing legal opinions. Its work helps Congress assess whether government initiatives are meeting their objectives and delivering value to the public. The agency is led by the Comptroller General of the United States, currently Gene Dodaro, who has held the position since 2008. The Comptroller General is appointed by the president with Senate confirmation, following recommendations from a bipartisan commission. Over the years, the GAO has played a pivotal role in driving government reform, identifying cost-saving opportunities, and improving federal operations. Notable achievements include its influential reports on federal IT modernization, cybersecurity, and agency performance, such as its widely cited FITARA scorecard, which grades federal agencies on technology management and efficiency. The GAO’s findings often lead to legislative changes and executive actions, making it a powerful force for accountability. For business and technology professionals, the GAO’s audits and recommendations offer valuable insights into government spending trends, regulatory challenges, and opportunities for innovation. Its reports are essential reading for anyone interested in public sector accountability, federal contracting, or the intersection of technology and government.