The **United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)** is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government tasked with protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for vulnerable populations[1][3]. Founded originally as the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) before the Department of Education split off in 1979, HHS’s mission is to improve the health, safety, and well-being of the nation[1]. HHS oversees numerous agencies and programs that cover a broad spectrum of health and social services, including Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the administration of the Affordable Care Act marketplace[4]. It also plays a significant role in public health policy, biomedical research, disease prevention, and social welfare initiatives. The department is led by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, with the Surgeon General heading the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[1][6]. Key achievements of HHS include pioneering advances in medical research through agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH), managing public health emergencies, expanding health insurance coverage, and implementing programs to reduce poverty and improve child welfare[3]. The department has also been instrumental in addressing public health crises such as pandemics, opioid addiction, and chronic disease management. Currently, HHS remains one of the largest federal agencies, continuously evolving to address emerging health challenges and leveraging technology for better healthcare delivery and data management[3][7]. Despite its broad mandate, HHS has faced criticism in areas such as transparency, ranking low in Freedom of Information Act responsiveness in past evaluations[1]. Overall, HHS is a cornerstone institution in U.S. health and social policy, driving innovations in health care, scientific research, and human services that impact millions of Americans daily, making it a critical entity at the intersection of public health, technology, and government service[3][