A **hospital** is a complex healthcare organization dedicated to providing comprehensive medical services including diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, prevention, education, and research. It serves as a community health institution where patients receive care ranging from routine checkups to emergency surgeries and critical care[2][7]. Hospitals play a vital role in supporting public health systems and achieving universal health coverage by concentrating scarce resources within referral networks to address population health needs efficiently[7]. Historically, hospitals have evolved from charitable care centers into highly structured institutions requiring sophisticated organizational frameworks. Modern hospitals employ a **functional organizational structure** that includes a board of directors, C-suite executives (such as CEO, CFO, CIO, CMO, and CNO), department managers, and frontline medical and non-medical staff. This structure ensures clear communication, accountability, and efficient coordination among multiple teams and departments[1][3][4][6]. The hospital is typically divided into three main components: patient care (nurses, therapists, technicians), medical staff (physicians, surgeons), and hospital staff (administrative, facility management)[1]. Key functions of hospitals include improving medical practice standards, early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, providing group work environments for better patient outcomes, and managing resources effectively to maintain quality care[2][5]. Hospitals also serve as essential centers for clinical education and research, contributing to the advancement of medical knowledge and training healthcare professionals[7]. Notable aspects of hospitals include their role in care coordination across the health system, their resilience in emergencies, and their commitment to patient-centered design that considers special populations like children and the elderly[7]. Technological integration and management models focused on quality and safety are crucial for operational success, making hospitals a focal point of innovation in both healthcare delivery and organizational management[5][8][10]. Currently, hospitals remain indispensable in health systems worldwide, continuously adapting to external pressures and evolving to better meet the needs of communities while driving advances in medical science and healthcare technology.