India's **Ministry of Finance** is the central government agency responsible for managing the country's finances, economic policy, and financial legislation. Established post-independence, it evolved from the earlier Department of Finance to become a comprehensive ministry overseeing taxation, budgeting, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, and centre-state financial relations[1][3][4]. The Ministry is structured into six key departments: Economic Affairs, Expenditure, Revenue, Financial Services, Investment and Public Asset Management, and Public Enterprises. Each plays a specialized role, such as the Department of Economic Affairs, which formulates macroeconomic policy, manages fiscal policy, inflation, public debt, and the Union Budget. The Department of Revenue is responsible for tax collection and administration, while the Department of Expenditure oversees government spending and financial discipline[1][3]. A notable department, the Department of Financial Services, manages banking, insurance, pension reforms, and oversees public sector banks, insurance companies, and financial institutions like NABARD, SIDBI, and EXIM Bank. It also administers major financial inclusion schemes such as the **Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)**, which significantly expanded banking access to marginalized populations[1][4][5]. The Ministry also regulates apex bodies like the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDAI)[4]. Key achievements include the modernization of India's financial system, implementation of inclusive financial schemes, and management of India's large and complex Union Budget, which shapes economic growth and social welfare. The Ministry also plays a vital role in international economic relations through forums like G20 and BRICS[1]. Currently, the Ministry continues to drive reforms in banking, insurance, and public asset management, supporting India's transition towards a more digital and inclusive economy[1][4]. Its comprehensive oversight and policy-making role make it a cornerstone institutio