The **Government of India**, also known as the Union Government or Central Government, is the national authority of the Republic of India, headquartered in New Delhi. It operates under a federal parliamentary democratic system, structured into three branches: the executive, legislature, and judiciary, with a system of checks and balances to prevent concentration of power[1][2]. The executive branch is nominally headed by the President of India, currently Droupadi Murmu (since 2022), who holds formal executive authority. Real governing power resides with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, drawn from the ruling party or coalition in the Lok Sabha (the directly elected lower house of Parliament)[1][2]. The legislature is bicameral, composed of the Lok Sabha (543 members) and the Rajya Sabha (245 members), with members representing states and union territories. The judiciary is independent, with the Supreme Court at its apex. Historically, India adopted its constitution in 1950, establishing itself as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary form of government inspired by the British Westminster system[3]. Over the decades, the government has overseen remarkable achievements including economic liberalization since the 1990s, technological advancements in IT and space sectors, and large-scale social programs. It has also implemented ambitious initiatives such as Aadhaar, the world’s largest biometric ID system, enhancing governance and service delivery[3]. Currently, the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, under the National Democratic Alliance coalition, focuses on economic resilience and inclusive growth. The 2025 Union Budget emphasizes boosting domestic consumption, simplifying tax regimes, supporting MSMEs, spurring agricultural productivity, infrastructure development, and nurturing innovation[4][5]. Policy reforms in taxation, power, urban development, mining, and finance aim to elevate India’s global competitiveness and realize the vision of a “Developed India” by 2047[4]. Notably, the government faces challenges in managing coalition dynamics and balancin