Orthodox Jewish communities are not a single organization but rather a collective term for various groups within Orthodox Judaism, a conservative branch of Judaism that adheres strictly to traditional beliefs and practices. Here's a comprehensive overview: ## History and Background Orthodox Judaism emerged in the mid-19th century as a response to the liberalizing trends of Reform Judaism. It emphasizes strict adherence to the Hebrew Bible and Jewish law (halakhah), maintaining traditional practices such as separate seating in synagogues and strict dietary laws[2][4]. Key historical figures and events, such as the establishment of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada in 1902, have shaped its development[5]. ## Key Aspects and Achievements Orthodox Jewish communities are known for their strong emphasis on religious education and observance. They have established numerous institutions, including yeshivas and synagogues, which serve as centers for study and worship. Notable achievements include the resilience of Orthodox communities in the face of historical challenges, such as the Holocaust, and their growth in modern times due to high birth rates and strong communal support[4]. ## Current Status Today, Orthodox Judaism is the largest Jewish religious group, with approximately two million adherents worldwide[4]. In the United States, about 10% of the Jewish population identifies as Orthodox[2]. The community continues to grow, with a strong focus on preserving traditional practices while engaging with contemporary society, as seen in the Modern Orthodox movement[2]. ## Notable Aspects A notable aspect of Orthodox Judaism is its diverse streams, including Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) and Neo-Orthodoxy, which balance isolation with engagement in modern society[2][4]. Organizations like the Orthodox Union provide support through initiatives such as kosher food certification and youth outreach[8]. Additionally, the presence of enclaves in places like Brooklyn highlights the community's ability to maintain cultural identity within urban settings[6]. While