The **Peaky Blinders** originated as a notorious criminal gang in the late 19th century, emerging from Small Heath, Birmingham, England, amid severe economic deprivation and social unrest in industrial Britain. First reported in 1890, they were known for violent street crime including theft, assault, and extortion, often perpetrated by young disenfranchised men. The gang developed an informal hierarchy and grew in power, with key figures such as Thomas Gilbert (aka Kevin Mooney) becoming prominent leaders[1][5]. While the historical Peaky Blinders were a loose coalition of gangs across Birmingham and neighboring areas, the term broadly referred to violent youth groups known as "Sluggers" as well. These gangs were deeply involved in criminal enterprises like controlling illegal betting on horse races, pickpocketing, and aggressive territorial disputes. One notable adversary was Billy Kimber, a gang leader from another tough Birmingham neighborhood, Summer Lane, who dominated racecourse rackets[4][1]. The gang’s legacy was popularized globally by the TV drama *Peaky Blinders*, which fictionalizes a post-World War I Birmingham gang led by Tommy Shelby. The series portrays their evolution from street criminals to a sophisticated crime syndicate involved in both illegal activities and legitimate businesses like betting shops, distilleries, and car manufacturing under the Shelby Company Limited. This blend of criminality and entrepreneurship, combined with political intrigue and social upheaval of the era, makes the story compelling for business and technology audiences interested in organizational growth, strategy, and adaptation[2][3]. In current cultural terms, the Peaky Blinders brand has transcended its criminal origins, influencing fashion, tourism, and media. The historical gang’s notoriety and the TV series’ worldwide success have sparked renewed interest in Birmingham’s industrial heritage and the dynamics of organized crime as a form of early urban enterprise[4][3].