Peru’s Congress, officially known as the Congress of the Republic, is the country’s legislative body and a central institution in its presidential system. Historically, Peru operated under a bicameral legislature until 1993, when President Alberto Fujimori’s reforms established a unicameral system. In March 2024, Congress voted to revert to a bicameral structure, marking a significant institutional shift. The new system will feature a Chamber of Deputies (at least 130 members) and a Senate (at least 60 members), both elected for five-year terms with immediate re-election permitted. The first elections under this new structure are scheduled for April 2026. Congress is responsible for drafting, debating, and passing laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive branch. The Senate will have specific powers, including appointing key officials such as the presidents of the Central Reserve Bank and the Court of Auditors, and providing final approval on legislation. The bicameral reform aims to enhance legislative scrutiny and balance, though it comes amid ongoing concerns about political stability and institutional integrity. Peru’s Congress has been a focal point of political turbulence, with frequent conflicts between the executive and legislative branches, leading to the impeachment or resignation of several presidents since 2016. The institution has also faced criticism for undermining judicial independence and weakening democratic norms, with a significant number of its members under investigation for corruption. Despite these challenges, Congress remains a powerful actor in shaping Peru’s political and economic landscape. For business and technology stakeholders, Congress’s decisions on regulatory frameworks, investment policies, and digital governance are crucial. The bicameral reform could potentially lead to more thorough legislative review, but its impact will depend on the ability of lawmakers to foster transparency and accountability in a context of deep-seated political instability.