**Power**, in the context of the electric industry, generally refers to organizations involved in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. These entities, often called electric utilities or power companies, can be investor-owned, publicly owned, cooperatives, or federal agencies. They operate within a highly regulated framework to ensure reliable electricity delivery to consumers across diverse geographic regions[3][5]. One prominent example of a power organization is the **Southwest Power Pool (SPP)**, founded in 1941 as a tight power pool and achieving Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) status in 2004. SPP manages the transmission grid and wholesale electricity markets across 14 U.S. states, coordinating generation and transmission to maintain grid reliability and optimize costs. It serves a diverse membership including utilities, cooperatives, independent producers, and marketers. SPP’s key achievements include launching its Integrated Marketplace in 2014, which combines day-ahead and real-time energy markets with operating reserves and transmission congestion rights, enabling cost-effective energy dispatch. Its 2015 expansion nearly doubled its service area by adding federal power regions and cooperatives, showcasing its role in integrating varied power sources and managing a vast, multi-state grid[1]. More broadly, power organizations in the U.S. have evolved from vertically integrated utilities controlling generation through distribution, to a mix of regulated monopolies and restructured markets. In restructured markets, entities like Independent System Operators (ISOs) and RTOs oversee competitive wholesale markets and grid management, fostering efficiency and competition. These organizations ensure non-discriminatory grid access and coordinate reliability over large regions, reflecting modern power market structures[4][6]. Power companies face ongoing challenges including aging infrastructure, regulatory compliance, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Government bodies such as the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) oversee these organizations to maintain grid stability and market fairness[4][9]. In sum, power organizations ar