The **Russian government** is the federal executive authority responsible for implementing state policy, managing the economy, issuing federal by-laws, and overseeing various federal ministries, services, and agencies. It comprises the Chairman of the Government (Prime Minister), Deputy Chairmen, and federal ministers. The Chairman is appointed by the President with the State Duma's consent, though the President can dissolve the Duma and appoint the Chairman unilaterally if rejected repeatedly[1]. Historically, the Russian government evolved from the Soviet system into a federal structure defined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, with significant reforms between 2003 and 2005 clarifying the roles of ministries, federal services, and agencies. Ministries develop and implement policies, federal services supervise and control, and agencies manage property and services[1]. The President holds extensive coordinating powers, ensuring the functioning and interaction of state bodies, issuing binding decrees, and overseeing adherence to the Constitution[2]. In recent years, particularly since 2018, the government has centralized power strongly under the presidency, with loyalty prioritized over competence. Regional governance reforms passed in 2025 further consolidated Kremlin control by enabling regions to alter or abolish lower-tier local governments, shifting toward a single-tier system that critics argue may weaken local ties and provoke unrest[3][4]. The Kremlin also exerts tight control over the judiciary and regional authorities, maintaining a highly centralized political system[3]. Technologically, the government has prioritized digital transformation through the unified digital platform GosTech, which integrates federal and regional information systems to deliver over 100 large-scale services by 2030. This platform uses domestic software exclusively, enhancing security and reducing dependence on foreign technology[5]. Financially, the 2025 federal budget reached approximately $415 billion, with a significant portion allocated to defense amid ongoing military conflicts and sanctions impacting the arms industry. Economic challenges, including a looming recession and increased defense spending, reflect the complex pressures facing the government today[6][1