The Fight Against Tuberculosis in India
Introduction
The Indian government has made a bold promise to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by the end of 2025. However, in the densely populated Mumbai suburb of Govandi, this goal seems like a distant dream. The living conditions here are harsh, with families cramped in small, makeshift homes. The narrow lanes are filled with stagnant water and polluted air, creating the perfect breeding ground for the deadly disease.
Challenges in TB Control
Despite the efforts of the Indian government and non-governmental organizations, TB remains a major public health issue in India. The lack of proper sanitation and overcrowding in urban slums make it difficult to control the spread of the disease. In addition, the stigma associated with TB often leads to patients hiding their symptoms and not seeking treatment, further exacerbating the problem.
The Need for Comprehensive Solutions
To effectively eliminate TB, it is essential to address the underlying issues of poverty, poor living conditions, and lack of access to healthcare. The Indian government has implemented various initiatives, such as providing free TB medication and promoting awareness campaigns. However, more needs to be done to improve living conditions and address the social stigma surrounding TB.
Conclusion
The Indian government's commitment to eliminate TB is commendable, but it is clear that more comprehensive solutions are needed to achieve this ambitious goal. By addressing the
About the Organizations Mentioned
Indian Government
The **Government of India** is the central authority governing the Republic of India, operating under a parliamentary system modeled on the British Westminster structure. It functions as a federal system with unitary features, composed of three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary, designed with checks and balances to prevent dominance by any single branch[1][2]. The **executive branch** is nominally led by the President, currently Droupadi Murmu (since 2022), who holds formal executive power. Real governing authority resides with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, drawn from the ruling party or coalition and accountable to the lower house of Parliament (Lok Sabha). Key ministries include finance, defense, home affairs, and external affairs. The government operates through an integrated bureaucracy at both central and state levels[1][2][3]. The **legislative branch** is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (543 directly elected members) and the Rajya Sabha (245 members elected by state legislatures or nominated). The Parliament enacts laws, oversees the executive, and is central to India's democratic process[1][2]. Historically, since independence in 1947, the Government of India has overseen rapid economic development, social reforms, and technological advancements. Recently, it has actively pursued policies to boost economic resilience and innovation, as reflected in the Union Budget 2025, which emphasizes agricultural growth, rural prosperity, manufacturing, MSME support, energy security, and technology-driven reforms such as clean energy and digital infrastructure[4]. The government also encourages foreign direct investment, enhancing India’s global business appeal. Politically, the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, continues to dominate, balancing coalition governance and regional demands while facing challenges related to fiscal policy and social reforms[5][7]. Notable aspects include India's emphasis on inclusive growth, regulatory modernization, and sustaining democratic governance amid evolving political dynamics
Non-Governmental Organizations
## Overview Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are private, mission-driven entities that operate independently from government and focus on social, political, environmental, or humanitarian causes[1][2][3]. They are typically structured as nonprofit organizations, relying on donations, grants, and voluntary service rather than profit motives[2][5]. NGOs can operate locally, nationally, or internationally, and their work ranges from advocacy and research to direct service delivery in areas like health, education, human rights, and disaster relief[1][2][5]. ## History The term “NGO” emerged in the aftermath of World War II, distinguishing these entities from intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) like the United Nations[1][3]. However, their roots trace back further—organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross have existed for over a century[3]. The growth of NGOs accelerated in the late 20th century, driven by globalization, increased awareness of global challenges, and the expansion of international development aid[3][5]. Today, NGOs are a cornerstone of civil society, with over 1.5 million in the United States alone and countless more worldwide[1]. ## Key Achievements NGOs have played pivotal roles in major social and political transformations. They contributed to the end of apartheid in South Africa, the fall of dictatorships in Chile and the Philippines, the collapse of communist regimes in Central Europe, the creation of the international treaty banning landmines, and the establishment of the International Criminal Court[3]. NGOs also channel over 15% of global overseas development aid, influencing policy, monitoring government actions, and providing essential services to marginalized communities[2][5]. Their ability to mobilize grassroots support, conduct independent research, and advocate for change makes them influential actors in both domestic and international arenas[1][3][5]. ## Current Status Today, NGOs are more professionalized and integrated into global governance than ever before. They collaborate
