Houthi Rebels Accuse Israel of Airstrike in Yemen

The **Yemeni government** is the internationally recognized authority of Yemen, operating amid complex and fragmented political and military realities shaped by a decade-long conflict. Officially, Yemen is a republic with a semi-presidential system, where the President, elected by popular vote, serves as head of state and appoints a Prime Minister to lead the government. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of a 301-member elected House of Representatives and a 111-member appointed Shura Council. The government’s constitutional framework aims to function as a liberal parliamentary democracy, though practical governance has been hindered by ongoing conflict and fragmentation[1][4][9]. Historically, Yemen unified in 1990, consolidating northern and southern territories under a single government. Since then, it has struggled with internal divisions, tribalism, and insurgencies. The most significant recent development was the Houthi takeover of northern Yemen, which dissolved parliament and installed rival governing bodies, challenging the internationally recognized government led previously by President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. In April 2022, Hadi transferred authority to an eight-member Presidential Leadership Council (PLC), chaired by Rashad al-Alimi, created under Saudi and Emirati influence to unify anti-Houthi factions. However, internal rivalries within the PLC and competing military factions, often aligned with external patrons, have weakened its coherence and effectiveness[1][2][5]. The Yemeni government’s key achievements lie mainly in its diplomatic efforts, including power-sharing agreements like the Riyadh Agreement (2019) that sought to reduce internal conflicts, and its ongoing commitment to UN-led peace processes and ceasefire negotiations. In 2024-2025, the PLC took steps to centralize intelligence and engage in humanitarian and economic de-escalation agreements to mitigate the war’s impact[5][6]. Currently, the Yemeni government controls parts of southern Yemen and the interim capital Aden, but lacks effective control over much of the country, wit

Saudi Arabia is a unitary absolute monarchy governed by the Al Saud royal family, with King Salman as the head of state and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman holding significant executive power, including serving as Prime Minister since 2022[1][3][8]. The country’s governance structure is based on Islamic law (Sharia), with the Quran considered the constitution, and royal decrees shaping legislation[2]. The King oversees the Council of Ministers, which manages executive functions such as foreign policy, defense, finance, and education[1][2]. Historically, Saudi Arabia was founded by King Abdulaziz Al Saud in the early 20th century, uniting disparate tribes and regions under a single kingdom. Succession traditionally stays within the family, selected by consensus or the Allegiance Council[3]. The kingdom’s political system blends tribal traditions with religious authority, closely aligning with Wahhabi religious leaders for social and political control[3]. Economically, Saudi Arabia is known for its vast oil reserves, with Saudi Aramco being the world’s largest oil company. In recent years, the kingdom has embarked on ambitious reforms under Vision 2030, a strategic plan to diversify its economy beyond oil, attract foreign investment, and develop sectors like tourism and technology[4]. Vision 2030 promotes privatization, corporate governance improvements, and mega-projects such as NEOM, a futuristic economic zone[4]. The Public Investment Fund (PIF), chaired by the Crown Prince, plays a key role in these initiatives by investing domestically and internationally, although it has faced criticism related to human rights concerns and controversial development practices[6]. Saudi Arabia’s legal and business environment is evolving, with reforms in corporate governance and increasing inclusion of women in leadership roles[2][4]. The government permits full foreign ownership in most sectors except strategic ones like oil exploration[9]. Despite economic modernization, the kingdom remains an absolute monarchy with limited political freedoms and human rights challenges[7]. This comple

The **United States** is a federal republic and a global superpower, playing a leading role in economics, military strength, technology, and governance. It is a nation of approximately 348 million people as of 2025, characterized by its diverse population and dynamic economy[8][6]. Founded in 1776 following independence from British rule, the U.S. rapidly evolved into a major world power, especially after World War II, when its technological and economic investments solidified its global dominance[4]. Today, it remains the world’s preeminent military power, with 76% of Americans recognizing this status, while about half view it as the leading economic power globally, though China is seen as a rising competitor[2][3]. The U.S. government operates through a complex system that manages federal finances, taxation, social welfare programs, and trade policies. Recent legislative changes, such as the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act, have shaped the tax landscape to influence economic growth, labor markets, and federal revenue[1]. Despite challenges like rising federal deficits projected to reach 6.9% of GDP by 2027, consumer spending remains resilient, and business investment is expected to grow steadily in 2025[5]. In governance, the U.S. is rated "Free" with a score of 84/100 by Freedom House, though concerns about democratic erosion and partisan conflicts persist[6]. Public trust and satisfaction with government services fluctuate, reflecting ongoing debates about policy effectiveness and institutional competence[7]. Technologically, the U.S. maintains a critical edge, underpinning its economic and geopolitical power. Experts warn, however, that technological dominance is not guaranteed indefinitely, emphasizing the need for adaptive policies and international cooperation to sustain leadership in innovation and global affairs[4]. Overall, the United States remains a pivotal force in global business, technology, and politics, balancing historic strengths with contemporary challenges in