Mixed Stock Market Closes After Inflation Report

The *Wall Street Journal* (WSJ) is a premier American daily newspaper specializing in business, financial, and economic news, along with coverage of politics, technology, real estate, and culture. Founded on July 8, 1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser, it originated from Dow Jones & Company's financial news bulletins called “flimsies,” which were hand-delivered to traders on Wall Street[1][2]. The newspaper quickly established itself as a trusted source for investors and professionals by providing detailed market reporting and analysis from its base in New York City. Historically, the WSJ evolved from brief bulletins into a comprehensive publication, growing in size and influence. Its mission has focused on rigorous, fact-based journalism serving the interests of the financial community and broader business readers. The paper has won multiple Pulitzer Prizes, underscoring its editorial excellence and impact[1]. It has also been recognized as one of the United States' newspapers of record, influencing economic policy debates and business practices worldwide[2]. In the digital era, the WSJ successfully transitioned to online media with the launch of its subscription-based digital edition in 1996, which has since grown to nearly two million digital subscribers by 2019, offsetting declines in print circulation[1]. This digital expansion includes in-depth technology reporting, making it a vital resource for readers interested in the intersection of business and technology. Today, the WSJ remains one of the largest newspapers globally by circulation, maintaining a robust presence in both print and digital formats. It is noted for its comprehensive market data, incisive editorials, and broad coverage that extends beyond finance to include politics, health, and culture, appealing to a diverse readership of business professionals, policymakers, and technology enthusiasts[1][3].

## Overview and Mission The Federal Reserve, often called the "Fed," is the central bank of the United States, established by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and stable monetary and financial system[1]. Its mission centers on a dual mandate from Congress: to promote maximum employment and maintain price stability, ensuring the dollar retains its value over time[1]. The Fed operates through a unique hybrid structure, combining a national Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., with 12 independent regional Reserve Banks, including institutions like the Cleveland Fed[1]. This decentralized setup allows the Fed to closely monitor economic conditions across diverse regions, industries, and communities, while maintaining independence from short-term political influences[1]. ## Key Functions The Fed’s responsibilities are broad and vital to the U.S. economy. It conducts monetary policy—primarily by influencing interest rates—to achieve its employment and inflation goals[2]. The Fed also supervises and regulates banks to ensure the safety and soundness of the financial system, works to minimize systemic risks, and fosters efficient payment and settlement systems[2]. Additionally, it promotes consumer protection and community development, addressing emerging issues through research, supervision, and enforcement of consumer laws[2]. ## History and Evolution The Federal Reserve is the third central bank in U.S. history, following two failed attempts in the 19th century[1]. Its creation was a response to the financial turbulence of the early 20th century, aiming to prevent crises and stabilize the economy. Over time, the Fed has evolved, adopting more transparent and inclusive policymaking processes. For example, it now conducts regular reviews of its monetary policy framework, engaging with academics, businesses, and the public to refine its strategies and communications[3][5]. ## Recent Developments and Achievements In 2025, the Fed completed its second major review of its monetary policy strategy, tools, and communications, reaffirming its commitment to transparenc