## Overview BRICS is an influential intergovernmental alliance of major emerging economies, currently comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Iran[3]. Originally established in 2009 as BRIC (before South Africa’s 2010 inclusion), the group has rapidly evolved from a loose economic concept into a significant political and diplomatic forum for the Global South[2][3]. Its core mission is to amplify the voice of developing nations in global governance, challenge Western-dominated institutions like the UN, IMF, and World Bank, and foster economic, political, and social cooperation among its members[2][3]. ## History and Expansion BRICS was conceived as a counterweight to the G7, reflecting frustration with the perceived lack of representation for emerging economies in global decision-making[2]. Over the years, it has expanded its focus beyond economics to include political, security, and cultural cooperation[4]. The bloc’s expansion accelerated in 2024–2025, welcoming Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia as full members, with Nigeria and others joining as partner countries[1][6]. Today, BRICS represents nearly half the world’s population and a substantial share of global GDP[1][7]. ## Key Achievements BRICS has launched several notable initiatives, including the New Development Bank (NDB), which funds infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member states and beyond[3]. The group advocates for de-dollarization, promoting the use of local currencies in trade and exploring alternatives to the U.S. dollar-dominated financial system[4]. It has also issued joint statements on global governance reform, climate change, artificial intelligence, and public health, reflecting its broadening agenda[5][9]. ## Current Status and Strategic Focus Under Brazil’s 2025 presidency, BRICS is prioritizing deeper cooperation among Global South countries and pushing for reforms in international institutions