The **Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)** is the United States federal government’s principal investigative agency, specializing in law enforcement, national security, and intelligence. Established on July 26, 1908, by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte under President Theodore Roosevelt, the FBI originated as a small force within the Department of Justice (DOJ) to investigate federal crimes such as land fraud and corporate malfeasance, expanding to address crimes that crossed state lines and national security threats[4][5]. Initially, the Bureau had limited personnel and faced challenges including political patronage and inconsistent training. However, under the transformative leadership of J. Edgar Hoover, who became director in 1924, the FBI professionalized its operations, implemented rigorous hiring standards, and expanded its investigative scope to include white-collar crime, civil rights violations, espionage, and later organized crime[1][4]. Throughout its history, the FBI has played a critical role in key areas such as enforcing the Mann Act against human trafficking, combating espionage and sabotage during the World Wars, and investigating communist activities during the Cold War. The agency's jurisdiction broadened significantly with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, adding enforcement of anti-discrimination laws, and later with federal laws targeting racketeering and gambling[8]. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the FBI adapted to new challenges including international drug trafficking, white-collar crime, cybercrime, and terrorism—especially after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the September 11, 2001 attacks. The FBI also coordinates with local, state, and other federal agencies through initiatives like the National Crime Information Center, established in 1967[8]. Today, the FBI is a leading force in both traditional law enforcement and cutting-edge technology-driven investigations, balancing national security with civil liberties. Its evolution from a modest investigative unit to one of the world’s most sophisticated intelligence and law enforcement agencies reflects its