The Israeli Cabinet is the executive branch of Israel’s government, composed of the Prime Minister and ministers who manage government ministries and administer both internal and foreign affairs, including national security[1][4][8]. It operates under a parliamentary system where the party winning the most Knesset seats—Israel’s unicameral legislative body—usually forms a coalition government since no single party has ever secured a majority alone[1][3][5]. The Prime Minister selects cabinet ministers, who must be approved by the Knesset, and the government typically serves a four-year term unless early elections are called[1][3]. Historically, the Cabinet has evolved to address Israel’s unique security and political challenges. Notably, since the 1970s, prime ministers have used smaller, informal groups within the Cabinet—known as the “kitchen” or “kitchenette”—to make sensitive national security decisions efficiently and reduce leaks[2]. This practice was formalized by the Government Law of 2001, which mandates a Ministerial Committee for National Security Affairs, including key ministers such as the Prime Minister, Defense, Justice, National Security, and Finance ministers[2]. The Cabinet’s key achievements include managing Israel’s complex coalition politics, navigating internal governance, and handling critical security issues in a volatile regional context. The Cabinet’s ability to form coalitions with diverse parties allows for flexible governance but also means smaller parties often wield disproportionate influence, impacting policy and stability[1][5]. Currently, the Cabinet meets regularly, with weekly sessions in Jerusalem, addressing a wide range of policy issues from economics and infrastructure to diplomacy and defense[3]. Recent adjustments to the Cabinet reflect ongoing political shifts, such as the inclusion of ministers from different coalition parties to maintain governance stability[2]. The Israeli Cabinet remains central to shaping Israel’s domestic and international policy, balancing security imperatives with democratic governance in a technologically advanced and geopolitically sensitive environment.