The **Mexican government** is a federal republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, with a constitutional division of powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches[1]. Established by the 1917 Constitution—still in force today, albeit with numerous amendments—Mexico’s government was historically dominated by a single party, the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party), until the late 20th century, when multiparty democracy and regular alternation of power became the norm[1][7]. The president, directly elected for a single six-year term, is the head of state and government, appointing cabinet members, ambassadors, military leaders, and Supreme Court justices[1][2]. The bicameral Congress (Senate and Chamber of Deputies) passes laws, though the executive has traditionally held significant influence[1][2]. ## Historical Context and Key Achievements For much of the 20th century, Mexico’s government operated under one-party rule, but since 2000, it has transitioned to an electoral democracy, with power shifting between parties at both federal and state levels[7]. Recent years have seen the rise of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), which has driven a populist, nationalist agenda known as the “Fourth Transformation” (4T), focusing on social programs, anti-corruption measures, and reducing inequality[3][4]. Under MORENA, Mexico has passed significant constitutional reforms, including expanding the military’s role in public security and restructuring autonomous agencies[4][9]. The government has also launched ambitious economic plans, such as the “Plan México” in 2025, aimed at boosting infrastructure, digitalization, and public-private investment to strengthen Mexico’s position in global value chains[5]. ## Current Status As of 2025, President Claudia Sheinbaum leads a government that continues the policies of her predecessor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, with MORENA and its allies holding strong legislative majorities[