The **National Health Service (NHS)** is the publicly funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom, providing comprehensive health services free at the point of use. It was established in 1948 with the core mission of delivering universal healthcare accessible to all UK residents. Over its history, the NHS has grown into one of the world’s largest single-payer healthcare systems, renowned for its scale, scope, and public service ethos. The NHS delivers a wide range of services including general practitioner (GP) care, hospital treatments, emergency care, mental health services, and community-based care. Its structure is complex and evolving, involving multiple layers of governance and operational units. As of 2025, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) oversees the NHS, setting policy and allocating funds, while local Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) commission and plan services tailored to regional needs[1][3]. NHS England, historically the central body managing NHS operations, is being absorbed into DHSC as part of a major reform to decentralize power and create a more devolved and collaborative system[1][3]. Key achievements of the NHS include pioneering universal health coverage, advancing medical research and innovation, and integrating digital technologies in care delivery. The NHS is currently undertaking a significant transformation through the UK Government’s 10 Year Health Plan, which focuses on shifting care from hospitals to community settings, enhancing use of technology and AI, and emphasizing prevention over treatment[2][3]. The plan aims to create a more locally autonomous, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system by 2035, including reinventing NHS foundation trusts with financial and operational freedoms[3]. Notable aspects of the NHS in 2025 include its ongoing structural reforms such as the abolition of NHS England, consolidation of ICBs, and the introduction of a new oversight framework to improve accountability and performance assessment[1][4]. Leadership and management development are prioritized to support these reforms and ensure high-quality care across the country[6]