Nestlé S.A., headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, is the world's largest food and beverage company, operating in 185 countries with around 277,000 employees and 337 factories as of 2024[5][8]. Founded through the 1905 merger of two Swiss companies—the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866) and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867)—the company’s origins lie in infant nutrition, with Henri Nestlé’s creation of a breast milk substitute that addressed high infant mortality[1][2][5]. Today, Nestlé’s extensive portfolio includes baby food, bottled water, coffee, tea, dairy products, confectionery, pet food, snacks, and medical nutrition[1][2]. Iconic brands under its umbrella include Kit Kat, Nescafé, Gerber, Nespresso, Maggi, and Purina, with 29 subsidiaries each generating over $1 billion in sales[2][3]. Nestlé also holds a significant stake in L’Oréal, reflecting its diversified interests beyond food[2][5]. The company’s growth strategy emphasizes innovation and operational efficiency. Nestlé invests heavily in research partnerships, such as the "Future of Food" program with Swiss academic and industry leaders, aimed at developing nutritious, sustainable, and appealing products[3]. It focuses on reformulating products to reduce sugar, salt, and saturated fats, while advancing organic and health-driven offerings[3]. Nestlé’s operations prioritize quality management and a sophisticated global supply chain that integrates suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors to maintain high standards and consumer safety[4]. The company’s organizational structure divides its global markets into zones—North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia/Oceania/Africa—each contributing billions in annual sales[2]. Despite its market leadership and profitability, Nestlé faces criticism over environmental practices, labor issues, and ethical concerns in its supply chains[1]. As o