The **Bedouin** are traditionally nomadic Arab tribes who have inhabited the deserts of the Middle East and North Africa for millennia, with roots tracing back to at least 6000 BCE in the Syrian steppe. They historically earned their livelihood through **pastoralism**, herding camels, sheep, and goats, and by facilitating caravan trade across harsh desert environments. Their lifestyle required constant mobility due to scarce water and grazing land[1][9]. Bedouins are known for their distinctive social structure based on tribal affiliations, with strong codes of honor and hospitality. Their oral tradition is rich, with knowledge and customs passed through generations in communal gatherings called *majlis*. These sessions served as informal schools where young men and women learned tribal laws, social norms, poetry, and history[6]. They speak various dialects of Arabic, often considered by early medieval scholars to represent the purest form of the language[1]. Culturally, Bedouin men traditionally wear long robes (*gallabeya*) and headscarves, while women wear colorful dresses and cover their hair. Historically, women also wore face veils, although this practice has diminished among younger generations[4]. Islam, particularly Sunni Islam, is deeply embedded in Bedouin culture, with many tracing their lineage back to early Muslim tribes[4]. In modern times, many Bedouin have settled in towns and cities, especially in countries like Jordan, Israel, and Egypt, while some continue to maintain nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles. They remain environmentally conscious custodians of the desert, practicing sustainable grazing and protecting natural resources through tribal laws[5][7]. Bedouin handicrafts, particularly those produced by women, have gained recognition as a source of cultural preservation and income, despite challenges such as reduced tourism following regional political instability[7]. Overall, the Bedouin represent a resilient and culturally rich people whose traditions continue to adapt while preserving a unique desert heritage.