Michael E. Greenberg (born May 25, 1954) is an American neuroscientist renowned for his pioneering research on **neuroplasticity**—the brain's ability to adapt through learning, experience, or injury—and the molecular mechanisms linking neuronal activity to gene expression.[1][2][3] He earned a BA in Chemistry from Wesleyan University in 1976, followed by a PhD in Biochemistry from Rockefeller University in 1982 under Nobel laureate Gerald Edelman.[1][2][3] Greenberg's academic career at Harvard Medical School began in 1986 as an Assistant Professor in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, advancing to full Professor in 1994.[2][3] From 1994 to 2008, he directed the Neurobiology Program at Boston Children's Hospital, then served as Chair of the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School from 2008 to 2022.[1][2][3] Since 2008, he has held the Nathan Marsh Pusey Professor of Neurobiology position in the Blavatnik Institute.[1][4] His laboratory's breakthroughs include elucidating signal transduction pathways from synapses to the nucleus, identifying activity-responsive cis-regulatory elements coordinating gene expression, and revealing cell-type- and species-specific transcriptional diversity.[1][2] These insights have advanced understanding of brain maturation, long-term memory, behavioral plasticity, and disorders like Rett Syndrome.[1][2][4] In 2023, Greenberg shared **The Brain Prize**—neuroscience's highest honor, awarded by the Lundbeck Foundation—with Christine Holt and Erin Schuman for their collective work on neuronal transcription and translation.[1][2][4] A prolific author of over 200 papers, he has edited journals like *Neuron* and mentored leading neuroscientists, including Morgan Sheng and David Ginty.[3] Elected to the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Greenberg remains a pivotal figure in molecular neurobiology.[5]