Appeals Court Expresses Concerns Over Trump Administration's Use of National Guard for Immigration and Border Security

The **Trump administration** refers to the executive branch of the U.S. federal government during Donald J. Trump’s presidency, initially from January 20, 2017, to January 20, 2021, and resuming with his second term starting in 2025. It was characterized by a mix of aggressive domestic policies, significant judicial appointments, and a distinct foreign policy approach that emphasized "America First" principles[4][8]. The administration’s key activities included **tax reform**, notably passing the $3.2 trillion Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which represented the largest overhaul of the U.S. tax code in decades[5]. Trump also renegotiated trade agreements with major economies including Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, and South Korea, prioritizing bilateral deals over multilateral ones such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which the administration withdrew from early on[1][2]. The administration sought to protect American jobs by restricting cheap foreign labor and influencing agencies like the Tennessee Valley Authority to retain American workers[5]. On the judicial front, the Trump administration appointed over 200 federal judges, including three Supreme Court justices—Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett—shaping the judiciary for years to come[4]. These appointments were among the most significant achievements, influencing U.S. law on multiple fronts. In foreign policy, the administration pursued a controversial agenda: it imposed travel bans on several predominantly Muslim countries, withdrew U.S. troops from northern Syria, and supported Saudi Arabia militarily despite congressional opposition related to the Yemen conflict[1][3]. It also fostered new international technology alliances, such as securing commitments from allies to exclude Chinese telecom giant Huawei from 5G infrastructure and signing AI cooperation agreements with the UK[5]. The Trump administration faced substantial political turmoil, including two impeachments by the House of Representatives—first in 2019 over Ukraine dealings, and again in 2021 following the January

## Overview The National Guard is a unique component of the United States Armed Forces, serving as both a state and federal military reserve. It is divided into the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard, each functioning as the primary combat reserve for the U.S. Army and Air Force, respectively[1][5]. Unlike other military reserves, the National Guard can be activated by state governors for domestic emergencies—such as natural disasters, civil unrest, or public health crises—while also being deployable overseas by the president during national emergencies or conflicts[1][2]. This dual role makes it a critical bridge between civilian life and military service, with most members serving part-time while maintaining civilian careers or education[1][7]. ## History The National Guard traces its origins to 1636 in Salem, Massachusetts, making it the oldest military organization in the U.S.[4][6]. Initially formed as local militias for community defense, it evolved into a structured reserve force integral to every major U.S. conflict since the nation’s founding[6]. The modern National Guard was formally established by the Militia Act of 1903, which standardized training and equipment across states and created a federal role for the Guard[4]. ## Key Achievements The National Guard has been pivotal in both domestic and international crises. Domestically, Guard units have responded to hurricanes, wildfires, the COVID-19 pandemic, and civil disturbances, providing essential support to local authorities[2][6]. Internationally, Guard units have deployed to conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Balkans, as well as peacekeeping and training missions worldwide[2][5]. The Guard’s State Partnership Program also fosters military cooperation with over 100 nations, enhancing global security partnerships[5]. ## Current Status and Notable Aspects Today, the National Guard comprises approximately 430,000 members across all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and U.S. territories[1][6]. It is overs

The term "California" in your query likely refers to the U.S. state government and its associated public institutions rather than a standalone organization named "California." Based on the latest available information, California’s state government manages a vast budget and numerous programs impacting higher education, social safety nets, and economic stability, with significant implications for business and technology sectors within the state. California’s government, led by Governor Gavin Newsom, released a 2025-26 state budget totaling approximately $321.1 billion, including $228.4 billion from the General Fund. This budget addresses a projected $11.8 billion shortfall through spending cuts, use of rainy day funds, and reallocations—aiming to maintain fiscal balance without raising taxes[1]. Despite these constraints, the budget prioritizes investments in higher education, equity programs, and core social safety net services that support underserved populations, working families, and adult learners[1][3]. Key achievements include maintaining $15.7 billion in reserves to ensure long-term fiscal health and supporting initiatives like the California State University’s Graduation Initiative 2025, which focuses on increasing graduation rates and eliminating opportunity gaps through innovative, equity-driven approaches[8]. The state also invests billions in education with cost-of-living adjustments and enrollment growth funding for schools and community colleges[4]. California’s current status reflects a cautious but strategic approach to budgeting amid economic uncertainties influenced by federal policy shifts. Proposed budget cuts, particularly to Medi-Cal (the state’s Medicaid program), present challenges for vulnerable populations, prompting calls for tax reforms to protect health care access and maintain social programs[2]. The state continues to emphasize structural changes for budget resilience, economic stability, and support for technology-driven growth sectors by fostering education and workforce development[1][5]. Notably, California’s substantial budget and policy frameworks directly impact businesses and technology innovation, given the state’s role as a global tech hub. Investments in education and workforce development aim to sustain California’s competitive edge i