China's Military Parade Showcases Growing Global Influence

Xi Jinping is a prominent Chinese politician born on June 15, 1953, in Fuping, Shaanxi Province. He is the son of Xi Zhongxun, a veteran of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). During the Cultural Revolution, Xi was sent to rural Yanchuan County, Shaanxi, where he eventually joined the CCP in 1974. He studied chemical engineering at Tsinghua University as a worker-peasant-soldier student and later earned a Doctor of Law degree from the university through an in-service graduate program in Marxist theory and ideological and political education[1][5]. Xi rose through the ranks of the CCP, serving as governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002 and then as governor and party secretary of Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. He briefly served as the party secretary of Shanghai in 2007 before joining the Politburo Standing Committee the same year. In 2012, he became the general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the Central Military Commission, marking the beginning of his tenure as China's paramount leader. Since 2013, Xi has also held the position of President of the People's Republic of China[1][3]. Under Xi's leadership, China has made significant strides in reducing poverty and curbing corruption. He has been praised for his efforts in these areas, which were highlighted in a historical resolution passed by the CCP in 2021[3]. Recent developments include Xi's re-election to a third term as general secretary of the CCP in October 2022 and his third term as president of China in March 2023, following constitutional changes that removed term limits for the presidency[3]. Xi's influence has been further solidified by the composition of the 20th Politburo Standing Committee, which consists of his loyalists[3].

Vladimir Putin is the current President of Russia, a position he has held for multiple terms since 2000, with a brief interlude as Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012[1][3]. Born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) in 1952, Putin began his career in the Soviet Union’s security services, joining the KGB in 1975 and rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel by the time he left in 1991, following postings in East Germany and Leningrad[4]. After the Soviet Union’s collapse, he transitioned into politics, serving as an adviser to Saint Petersburg Mayor Anatoly Sobchak and later moving to Moscow, where he held various administrative roles under President Boris Yeltsin[6]. Putin was appointed Prime Minister in August 1999 and became acting President when Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned that December[3][6]. He won his first presidential election in March 2000, promising to stabilize Russia’s economy and political system after the tumultuous 1990s[3][7]. During his initial terms, he centralized power, reasserted federal control over Russia’s regions, and curtailed the influence of the country’s oligarchs through legal and economic measures[7]. Putin was re-elected in 2004 but, due to constitutional term limits, stepped aside in 2008, becoming Prime Minister under his successor Dmitry Medvedev, while retaining significant influence[3]. Constitutional amendments later extended presidential terms, and Putin returned to the presidency in 2012[1]. Putin’s time in office has been marked by assertive foreign policy, including military interventions in Syria in support of President Bashar al-Assad and the 2014 annexation of Crimea, which led to international sanctions[1]. Domestically, his tenure has seen increased state control over media, the suppression of political opposition, and constitutional changes consolidating executive authority[1]. In 2022, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine triggered a major international crisis, further isolating Russia from the West and prompting widespread condemnation[1]. As of 2025, Putin remains a dominant figure in Russian politics, having secured another term in office through constitutional changes that allow him to potentially remain president until 2036[1]. His leadership continues to shape Russia’s domestic trajectory and its role in global affairs, amid ongoing conflict in Ukraine and strained relations with NATO and Western countries[1].

Kim Jong Un is the Supreme Leader of North Korea, having assumed power in December 2011 after the death of his father, Kim Jong Il. Born on January 8, 1983 or 1984, he is the third son of Kim Jong Il and Ko Yong-hui. Kim Jong Un was educated partly in Switzerland before returning to North Korea and being groomed for leadership, officially introduced to the public in 2010 as the designated successor[1][2][3][6]. Upon succession, Kim Jong Un inherited control over the world's fourth-largest military and a nuclear arsenal. Early in his rule, he consolidated power by purging rivals and reinforcing his authority within the Korean Workers’ Party and the military. By 2012, he held several key titles including first secretary of the Workers' Party, chairman of the Central Military Commission, and chairman of the National Defense Commission. In 2016, constitutional changes established the State Affairs Commission, headed by Kim, as the most powerful governing body in North Korea[3]. His leadership is marked by a policy known as *byungjin*, emphasizing simultaneous development of the economy and nuclear weapons. Under Kim, North Korea has conducted multiple nuclear and missile tests, escalating tensions internationally. However, he has also engaged in historic diplomacy, including summits with South Korean President Moon Jae-in and U.S. President Donald Trump in 2018, though relations remain strained[2][3]. Kim Jong Un maintains a highly secretive and authoritarian regime characterized by strict control over society and the suppression of dissent. Reports note his ruthless consolidation of power, including the alleged assassination of his half-brother Kim Jong Nam in 2017. His regime sustains a strong cult of personality similar to those of his predecessors[1][2][5]. Recently, Kim has participated in international diplomacy, including a visit to Russia amid ongoing global tensions. Despite these efforts, North Korea remains isolated, with ongoing sanctions and international scrutiny focused on its nuclear ambitions and human rights record[2].