Japan's Prime Minister Resigns Amid Economic and Foreign Policy Challenges

The term **"Ruling Party"** refers primarily to the political party or coalition that holds the majority of elected positions in a government’s legislative body or controls the executive branch, effectively governing the state. In democratic parliamentary systems, the ruling party is the one that commands the majority in parliament and forms the government. In presidential systems, it is often the party of the elected president or executive leader, though this party may not always have legislative majority control[1]. The concept also applies to one-party states where a single party, such as the Chinese Communist Party, monopolizes political power[1]. **What the ruling party does:** The ruling party administers government affairs, implements policy, and oversees legislation aligned with its platform goals. It connects the electorate to government by mobilizing voters, recruiting candidates, managing campaigns, and shaping public policy[4]. The party’s organizational structure includes national committees that coordinate fundraising, candidate support, and media strategies, especially during elections[2][3]. These organizations increasingly use multimedia platforms and digital tools to communicate and engage with voters. **History and evolution:** Political parties have evolved from loosely organized groups to sophisticated entities with national, state, and local structures. National parties hold conventions to nominate presidential candidates and establish party platforms outlining their policy positions[3]. Over time, parties became more candidate-centered, boosting their campaign support infrastructure and fundraising efforts[2]. **Key achievements and notable aspects:** Ruling parties have shaped legislative agendas and executive actions, influencing national and international policies. Their ability to unite elected officials, manage legislative priorities, and maintain voter support is crucial for political stability. Leaders within the ruling party, including majority leaders and party whips in legislatures, coordinate legislative strategy and party discipline[7]. The ruling party’s success also depends on its capacity to innovate politically, utilizing digital media and grassroots engagement to maintain relevance. **Current status:** In modern democracies, ruling parties face challenges such as polarized electorates and evolving communication technologies. They remai