Madagascar Protests: Gen Z Demands Resignation Over Power Outages
Introduction to the Crisis
Madagascar is witnessing a significant wave of protests led by Gen Z, fueled by persistent power outages and systemic corruption. The protests escalated after President Andry Rajoelina appointed an army general as Prime Minister, a move that protesters have vehemently rejected. This appointment was seen as an attempt to quell the unrest, but it has only intensified the calls for Rajoelina's resignation.
Protesters' Demands
Protesters are demanding that Rajoelina step down within 48 hours, reflecting a deep-seated frustration with the government's inability to address basic needs like electricity and water. The protests are organized by groups like Gen Z Madagascar, which has gained significant traction online. The movement draws inspiration from similar youth-led movements globally, highlighting the power of digital platforms in mobilizing public action.
Future Implications
The protests have significant implications for Madagascar's political future. Whether the government responds effectively to these demands may shape the country's trajectory and influence similar movements across the region.
About the People Mentioned
Andry Rajoelina
Andry Nirina Rajoelina, born on May 30, 1974, in Antsirabe, Madagascar, is a Malagasy entrepreneur and politician known for his significant and sometimes controversial role in Madagascar's recent political history[1][2]. He comes from a well-off family; his father was a retired Colonel[1]. Rajoelina first entered politics as mayor of Madagascar’s capital, Antananarivo, winning the 2007 election with about 63% of the vote[2]. As mayor, he clashed with then-President Marc Ravalomanana, leading the opposition against what he accused of dictatorial governance. This opposition escalated into mass protests in early 2009, resulting in violent confrontations and political instability[2][4]. In 2009, backed by the military, Rajoelina assumed power as President of the High Transitional Authority at the age of 35, making him one of the youngest heads of government globally at that time[1][2][4]. He led the transitional government until 2014, stepping down afterward. Rajoelina returned to formal politics by running for president in 2018. He launched the Initiative for the Emergence of Madagascar (IEM), promising reforms such as closing the Senate to redirect funds to education and improving infrastructure and safety[1]. He won the December 2018 presidential election with 55.66% of the vote and took office in January 2019[1]. Rajoelina was re-elected in 2023 amid protests and allegations concerning his eligibility, particularly relating to his acquisition of French citizenship in 2014 and claims of unfair electoral conditions[3][7]. Following escalating unrest in late 2025, he fled the capital citing threats to his life. The Malagasy National Assembly voted to impeach him, and the military took control of the country, marking a significant political crisis[3]. His leadership legacy remains contested; while he has been a prominent figure in Madagascar’s politics for over a decade, critics argue that his tenure has coincided with increased corruption and socio-economic challenges[3].
About the Organizations Mentioned
Gen Z Madagascar
**Gen Z Madagascar: A Catalyst for Change** Gen Z Madagascar is a youth-led movement that has made headlines for its pivotal role in forcing regime change in the island nation. The organization is characterized by its horizontal structure, operating without a centralized leader and relying on networks to facilitate discussions and actions[3]. This digital generation movement is driven by a desire to address systemic corruption, nepotism, and economic grievances, which have plagued Madagascar for decades[2][4]. **History and Key Achievements:** - The movement gained momentum in late September 2025, following the arrest of two prominent politicians in Antananarivo. This event triggered widespread protests, initially focused on power and water shortages, before expanding to broader issues like corruption and wealth inequality[2][4]. - Gen Z Madagascar achieved an unprecedented feat by successfully forcing President Andry Rajoelina out of power, marking a significant shift in African political dynamics[2]. - The movement's use of technology and social media has been instrumental in mobilizing support and organizing protests across the country[4]. **Current Status:** As of now, Gen Z Madagascar continues to push for reforms and improvements in living conditions. Despite facing harsh repression during protests, including the use of live ammunition by security forces, the movement remains active[2][4]. **Notable Aspects:** - **Digital Activism:** Gen Z Madagascar leverages digital platforms to organize and raise awareness about its causes, exemplifying the power of technology in modern activism[4]. - **Generational Shift:** This movement represents a broader trend of Gen Z activism seen across Africa, redefining political engagement and challenging traditional power structures[2]. - **Economic Context:** Madagascar's economic challenges, including widespread poverty and declining income levels, have fueled the movement's demands for systemic change[4].
