The **International Criminal Court (ICC)** is a permanent international tribunal established to prosecute individuals responsible for the most serious crimes under international law: **genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression**[2][4]. It operates independently of the United Nations but collaborates with it, particularly in investigations and security matters[2][6]. Founded by the **Rome Statute** in 1998 and operational since 2002, the ICC aims to end impunity for grave offenses that national courts are unable or unwilling to prosecute[1][2][7]. Located in **The Hague, Netherlands**, the ICC investigates, prosecutes, and tries individuals—never states—who commit heinous crimes, thereby promoting justice for victims and deterring future violations[1][6]. Its jurisdiction applies only to crimes committed after July 1, 2002, and generally within the territories of states that have ratified the Rome Statute or where the UN Security Council refers situations[2][7]. The ICC’s structure consists of four main organs: the **Presidency**, overseeing administration and external relations; the **Judicial Divisions**, made up of 18 judges handling pre-trial, trial, and appeals; the **Office of the Prosecutor**, responsible for investigations and prosecutions; and the **Registry**, managing judicial and administrative support[3][5][7]. The **Assembly of States Parties** governs the Court’s management, elects judges and prosecutors, and approves the budget[3][5]. Since 2018, the ICC has had jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, holding leaders accountable for illegal wars, a significant expansion of its mandate achieved through amendments to the Rome Statute[4]. The ICC currently conducts investigations and trials across multiple continents, addressing ongoing conflicts and atrocities[4][6]. Notably, the ICC also works through the **Trust Fund for Victims**, which provides reparations and assistance to victims and their families, emphasizing