La Santé Prison, inaugurated in 1867 in Paris, is one of France’s most renowned penitentiaries, known for housing both maximum-security inmates and high-profile prisoners in its "VIP" section[1][5]. Architect Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer designed the prison, which replaced the former Madelonnettes Convent in the 3rd Arrondissement. Originally built with 500 cells, it expanded to 1,000 cells by 1900, with a total capacity for about 2,000 inmates divided into 14 divisions[1][3]. Historically, La Santé played a central role in French penal history, notably as a site for public executions by guillotine until 1939, after which executions were carried out inside the prison courtyard. The last death sentence in France was executed here in 1972[2][3]. During World War II, the German occupation authorities took control of the prison, using it as a detention facility while retaining many French staff[2][3]. Today, La Santé is infamous for chronic overcrowding, functioning far beyond its original capacity, with reports of nearly 190% occupancy leading to harsh living conditions for inmates[5][6]. Despite this, the prison maintains a specialized "VIP wing" with 19 identical cells and private exercise yards designed for notable prisoners, including former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, who began serving a sentence there in 2025[5]. La Santé’s significance also extends culturally, inspiring films like *Quartier V.I.P.* and symbolizing the tension between justice, incarceration, and society’s elite[1]. Its location in central Paris and its long history make it a focal point for discussions on prison reform, penal policy, and human rights within the French justice system[4]. While La Santé remains operational under the French Ministry of Justice, ongoing challenges include overcrowding, aging infrastructure, and balancing security with prisoner reintegration goal