Malaysia Airlines Berhad is the national flag carrier airline of Malaysia, headquartered in Greater Kuala Lumpur with its main hub at Kuala Lumpur International Airport and secondary hubs in Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. The airline traces its origins back to 1947, initially operating as Malayan Airways Limited. It underwent several name changes and ownership restructurings, including a period as Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (1966–1972) before splitting into Malaysia Airlines System (MAS) and Singapore Airlines. MAS focused on domestic and international services from Kuala Lumpur, expanding its network with long-haul flights to Europe by the mid-1970s[1][2]. Malaysia Airlines has played a significant role as Malaysia’s national carrier, symbolizing the country’s connectivity and development. It is a member of the Oneworld airline alliance, offering passenger and cargo services globally. Despite a history of growth and modernization, the airline faced severe challenges following two major tragedies in 2014: the disappearance of Flight MH370 en route to Beijing with 239 people on board and the shooting down of Flight MH17 over Ukraine, killing 298 people. These incidents deeply affected the airline’s reputation and financial stability[2][3]. In response, Malaysia Airlines underwent restructuring, including the formation of Malaysia Aviation Group in 2016. Following leadership changes and strategic reforms, the airline returned to profitability in 2023, aided by increased passenger demand after the COVID-19 pandemic and fleet investments aiming to sustain growth[3]. Today, Malaysia Airlines continues to serve as a key player in Southeast Asia’s aviation market, focusing on recovery and modernization while maintaining its legacy as the country’s flagship carrier[1][3][6].