UnitedHealth Group is a leading global healthcare company founded in 1977 and headquartered in Minnesota, USA. It operates through two primary businesses: UnitedHealthcare, its health insurance division, and Optum, which provides a broad range of health services including data analytics, pharmacy care, and medical care delivery. Over five decades, UnitedHealth Group has evolved from its origins as a regional health maintenance organization (HMO) into one of the largest and most influential healthcare organizations worldwide. The company grew significantly through acquisitions during the 1990s and especially after 2010, expanding its insurance coverage and clinical services. As of late 2024, UnitedHealth Group comprised nearly 2,700 subsidiaries across various sectors and countries, with a workforce exceeding 400,000 employees globally. Its reported annual revenue surpassed $400 billion, underlining its massive scale and economic impact. UnitedHealth’s dual-engine business model—combining insurance with integrated healthcare services through Optum—has been central to reshaping healthcare delivery and payment in the United States. UnitedHealth Group’s history includes notable milestones such as pioneering pharmacy benefit management in the late 1980s and expanding its network through key acquisitions, including MetraHealth and HealthPartners. Its growth and market dominance have also attracted scrutiny, leading to legal challenges and regulatory attention over its size and practices. In recent years, the company has continued to refine its operations, including divesting some business units by the end of 2024, while maintaining its status as a defining force in American healthcare due to its extensive scale, profitability, and integrated service model. Its global presence spans 17 countries, reflecting its broad influence beyond the U.S. healthcare system.