Former South Korean President Under Investigation for Martial Law Declaration

## Overview There is no organization called the “South Korean Population.” The phrase refers to the demographic body of people living in South Korea, officially known as the Republic of Korea, rather than a formal institution or entity. South Korea’s population dynamics, however, are of immense significance in global discussions about business, technology, and societal trends, given the country’s rapid economic development, technological leadership, and unique demographic challenges. ## Historical Context South Korea’s population history is marked by dramatic transformations. In 1960, the country was one of the world’s poorest, with a population of 25 million and a predominantly rural, agricultural society[5]. Over the next six decades, South Korea underwent rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth, becoming the fourth-largest economy in Asia and a global tech powerhouse[1][3]. By 2012, the population surpassed 50 million, peaking at around 51.77 million in 2021[2]. Today, about half of the population lives in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, one of the world’s most densely populated regions[4]. ## Key Achievements and Current Status South Korea’s demographic story is now defined by its status as one of the fastest-aging societies and the country with the world’s lowest birth rate[1][2]. The total fertility rate (TFR) has plummeted to just 0.7 children per woman—far below the replacement level of 2.1—leading to a shrinking population[6]. For the first time in modern history, deaths outnumbered births in 2020, signaling the onset of population decline[2]. By 2025, South Korea is projected to become a “super-aged society,” with over 20% of its population aged 65 and older; this proportion could rise to 44% by 2050[1]. The population is expected to drop sharply, with projections suggesting a decrease to 45.1 million