Hamas to Transfer Additional Hostage Remains Amid Forensic Identification

**Hamas** is a Sunni Islamist Palestinian nationalist organization that functions both as a political party and a militant group, primarily operating in the Gaza Strip, which it has governed since 2007. Founded in 1987 by Ahmed Yassin amid the First Intifada, Hamas emerged from the Muslim Brotherhood and initially had covert Israeli support as a counterweight to the secular Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)[3][1]. It combines political governance with an armed wing, the al-Qassam Brigades, committed to armed resistance against Israel, which it refuses to recognize as a legitimate state[1][3]. Hamas’s political rise culminated in a 2006 electoral victory in the Palestinian Legislative Council, campaigning on anti-corruption and resistance platforms. After violently seizing Gaza from the rival Fatah faction in 2007, Hamas has maintained de facto control there despite international isolation and blockades imposed by Israel and Egypt[3]. Its governance has been marked by repeated conflicts with Israel, including major wars in 2008–09, 2012, 2014, 2021, and the ongoing intense conflict triggered by Hamas’s surprise October 2023 attack killing nearly 1,200 Israelis and taking hostages[1][2][3]. Hamas benefits from regional support, especially from Iran, which supplies funding and weapons, as well as financial and political backing from Turkey and Qatar. These alliances form part of a broader "axis of resistance" against Israel, which includes groups like Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad[2]. Hamas also operates fundraising networks globally, sometimes using charities as fronts to support its military activities[4]. The group is designated a terrorist organization by many countries, including the United States, which has increased military aid to Israel following recent escalations[2][6]. Despite modifying its 1988 charter in 2017 to soften some language, Hamas continues to reject Israel’s legitimacy and pursues all forms of resistance[1]. Its enduring political

The Red Cross is the world's largest humanitarian network, dedicated to providing emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education globally and domestically. It operates through three main components: the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), National Societies in 191 countries, and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The organization’s core mission is to help people suffering due to conflict, natural or man-made disasters, and chronic poverty without discrimination[2]. Founded in the 19th century, the Red Cross has a rich history rooted in humanitarian principles established over 60 years ago by the IFRC. The American Red Cross (ARC), chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1905, exemplifies the organization’s work by responding to over 60,000 disasters annually, including fires, hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes. It provides shelter, food, health and mental health services, and supports military families. The ARC also supplies about 40% of the nation’s blood, teaches life-saving skills, and participates in international humanitarian efforts such as disaster preparedness and migration crisis response[3][4][8]. In 2025, the IFRC’s Global Plan emphasizes reducing the impact of emergencies related to climate, health, and migration, building community resilience, and ensuring inclusive, respectful aid delivery. This plan reflects a strategic approach combining local action with global coordination to address complex humanitarian challenges[1]. Notably, the Red Cross leverages technology and data to enhance disaster response and preparedness, such as multilingual volunteer databases and emergency apps. The organization continually expands volunteer recruitment to meet rising disaster frequency and scale, with almost 275,000 volunteers across the U.S. alone[6][9][10]. The Red Cross’s key achievements include life-saving disaster relief, international humanitarian aid, blood supply management, and innovative preparedness campaigns like the Home Fire Campaign, which has saved over 2,460 lives since 2014. Its ability t

## Overview and Mission The National Institute for Forensic Medicine (NIFM) is a specialized institution dedicated to advancing forensic science in the service of justice, public health, and law enforcement. While the search results do not specify a U.S.-based "National Institute for Forensic Medicine" by that exact name, they do highlight comparable organizations and functions, such as the National Center on Forensics (NCF) funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)[1], and the National Commission on Forensic Science (NCFS), a now-defunct federal advisory body[2]. For the purposes of this summary, we will outline the role such a national-level forensic medicine organization would typically fulfill, drawing from the most relevant and authoritative sources. ## Core Functions A national forensic medicine institute typically provides expert medico-legal services, including autopsies, toxicology, pathology, and DNA analysis, to support criminal investigations and court proceedings[3][5]. It often serves as a central hub for training medical examiners, forensic pathologists, and other professionals, and may collaborate with law enforcement, prosecutors, and the judiciary to ensure scientific rigor in legal contexts[1]. These organizations also conduct research to develop new forensic technologies and methodologies, aiming to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of forensic evidence[4][6]. ## Historical Context In the United States, federal involvement in forensic science has evolved through initiatives like the NCFS, established in 2013 to improve the reliability and consistency of forensic practices across the country[2]. The NIJ has long supported forensic science research and development, funding projects that span DNA analysis, digital forensics, ballistics, and more[6]. Internationally, many countries have established national forensic institutes to standardize practices and ensure nationwide coverage of forensic services[7]. ## Key Achievements Notable accomplishments of such institutes include the development of national DNA databases (e.g., CODIS in the U.S.), which hav