Israel is a Middle Eastern country located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, with a population of approximately 9.56 million as of 2025. It is a parliamentary democracy known for its advanced economy, technological innovation, and complex geopolitical significance. Israel is recognized for having a highly developed free-market economy with a robust high-tech sector that drives much of its economic growth. The country hosts the second-largest number of startup companies globally, trailing only the United States, and is home to numerous multinational R&D centers from leading global tech firms[6][4]. Politically, Israel operates under a parliamentary system and has been led by notable figures such as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Internationally, Israel faces mixed perceptions: a 2025 Pew Research Center survey found that global views of Israel and Netanyahu are predominantly negative, and many Israelis themselves feel their country lacks respect internationally[3]. Israel's economy is diverse, including significant industrial manufacturing, diamond cutting and polishing, and an expanding energy sector influenced by recent natural gas discoveries. Tourism also plays an important role, with millions of visitors annually attracted to historic and religious sites[6]. The country maintains a sophisticated welfare state and a powerful military, reportedly possessing nuclear capabilities[6]. In terms of governance and social indicators, Israel scores 73 out of 100 on the 2025 Freedom House global freedom index, categorizing it as "free" politically and socially[1]. Education and youth employment are focal points for public policy, with youth not in employment, education, or training (NEET) rates close to the OECD average[9]. Recent economic forecasts anticipate about 3% GDP growth in 2025, largely driven by the high-tech sector[4]. Despite economic strengths, Israeli society continues to grapple with internal ideological divisions and ongoing regional security challenges, maintaining its central relevance in Middle Eastern and global affairs.