Turkey Concerned Over Israeli Threat

The **Turkish Ministry of National Defense** is a cabinet-level government agency responsible for managing the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and all related defense establishments to protect Turkey from external threats. Established in 1920 during the last years of the Ottoman Empire, it has evolved into one of Turkey’s largest employers, with approximately 370,000 personnel under its administration[1]. The Ministry oversees a complex organizational structure including the Land, Naval, and Air Forces, which report directly to the Minister of National Defense. It also manages critical functions such as recruitment, procurement, production, logistics, medical care, and defense research and development. Key subdivisions include the Directorate General of Procurement Services, Directorate General of Logistics, and the Defense Industry Agency, illustrating the Ministry’s broad scope in both military and technological domains[1][2]. Historically, the Ministry has played a central role in modernizing Turkey’s military capabilities. Since the 1970s, it has fostered a domestic defense industry to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers. This effort accelerated dramatically after the 2016 coup attempt, with the establishment of the Presidency of Defense Industries under the Turkish Presidency. This transformation has positioned Turkey as a significant player in the global defense market, producing advanced weaponry such as the Altay main battle tank, Atak attack helicopter, and indigenous unmanned aerial vehicles like the Bayraktar series[4][5]. The Ministry’s defense strategy emphasizes indigenous technological development and strategic defense to maintain national security and project power regionally. It supports Turkey’s active participation in NATO and international peacekeeping missions across Africa and the Middle East, including in the Central African Republic, Lebanon, and Mali[3][6]. In summary, the Turkish Ministry of National Defense is a pivotal institution in Turkey’s national security and technological advancement, leveraging a large workforce and a robust domestic defense industry to sustain and enhance the country’s military readiness and global defense presence.

**Hamas** is a Sunni Islamist Palestinian nationalist organization that functions both as a political party and a militant group, primarily operating in the Gaza Strip, which it has governed since 2007. Founded in 1987 by Ahmed Yassin amid the First Intifada, Hamas emerged from the Muslim Brotherhood and initially had covert Israeli support as a counterweight to the secular Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)[3][1]. It combines political governance with an armed wing, the al-Qassam Brigades, committed to armed resistance against Israel, which it refuses to recognize as a legitimate state[1][3]. Hamas’s political rise culminated in a 2006 electoral victory in the Palestinian Legislative Council, campaigning on anti-corruption and resistance platforms. After violently seizing Gaza from the rival Fatah faction in 2007, Hamas has maintained de facto control there despite international isolation and blockades imposed by Israel and Egypt[3]. Its governance has been marked by repeated conflicts with Israel, including major wars in 2008–09, 2012, 2014, 2021, and the ongoing intense conflict triggered by Hamas’s surprise October 2023 attack killing nearly 1,200 Israelis and taking hostages[1][2][3]. Hamas benefits from regional support, especially from Iran, which supplies funding and weapons, as well as financial and political backing from Turkey and Qatar. These alliances form part of a broader "axis of resistance" against Israel, which includes groups like Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad[2]. Hamas also operates fundraising networks globally, sometimes using charities as fronts to support its military activities[4]. The group is designated a terrorist organization by many countries, including the United States, which has increased military aid to Israel following recent escalations[2][6]. Despite modifying its 1988 charter in 2017 to soften some language, Hamas continues to reject Israel’s legitimacy and pursues all forms of resistance[1]. Its enduring political

Qatar is not an organization but a country located in the Middle East, known for its significant contributions to global business, technology, and social development. Here is a comprehensive summary of Qatar's key aspects: ## Overview Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a constitutional emirate with a hereditary monarchy. It is ruled by the Āl Thānī family, with the current emir being Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. The country's government structure includes a Council of Ministers and an advisory Shura Council, although the latter's electoral component was abolished in 2024[4]. ## History Qatar's history is marked by its transformation from a small tribal state to a major economic power. After World War II, oil revenues significantly increased, leading to rapid modernization and political stability within the ruling family[4]. In 2003, a new constitution was approved, which initially provided for the election of the Shura Council, but these elections were repeatedly delayed until 2021 and later abolished[4]. ## Key Achievements - **Economic Diversification**: Qatar has successfully diversified its economy beyond oil and gas, with non-oil sectors contributing over 60% of GDP in 2024[8]. Tourism, logistics, and financial services are key drivers of this diversification. - **Global Events**: Qatar hosted the FIFA 2022 World Cup, which was a significant achievement in terms of infrastructure development and international visibility[8]. - **Investment and Development**: The government has allocated substantial funds for major projects, including education and healthcare, with a budget of $5.3 billion for education and $6 billion for health in 2025[2]. ## Current Status Qatar continues to invest in strategic sectors like education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. The country is hosting the Second World Summit for Social Development in 2025, focusing on inclusive social development[6]. Its GDP per capita is among the highest