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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a premier law enforcement agency in the United States, renowned for its role in protecting the nation from domestic and international threats. Founded on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation, it was initially tasked with addressing land fraud and corporate malfeasance under President Theodore Roosevelt[1][2]. Over time, its mandate expanded significantly, particularly with the passage of the Mann Act in 1910, which allowed federal jurisdiction over certain moral offenses[1][4]. ### History and Evolution The FBI underwent significant transformation under J. Edgar Hoover, who became its director in 1924. Hoover implemented strict hiring standards and enhanced operational capabilities, transforming the agency into a robust investigative force[1][4]. The FBI's name was officially changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935[5][6]. Throughout its history, the FBI has faced challenges, including concerns about potential abuses of power, but it has consistently demonstrated its value in national security and law enforcement[3][4]. ### Key Achievements The FBI has been instrumental in combating various crimes, including white-collar offenses, civil rights violations, and national security threats. Notable achievements include its role in enforcing the Espionage Act during World War I and its investigations into organized crime throughout the 20th century[2][4]. ### Current Status Today, the FBI is a sophisticated agency with over 37,100 employees, including special agents and professionals in various fields such as intelligence analysis and cybersecurity[5]. It operates in 55 field offices across the U.S. and has an international presence in 81 nations[5]. The FBI continues to evolve, addressing emerging threats like cybercrime and terrorism while maintaining its commitment to justice and integrity. ### Notable Aspects The FBI is known for its rigorous training programs at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, and its advanced forensic capabilities at the FBI Laboratory. Its work in business and technology includes

## Overview of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet-level executive department of the U.S. federal government, established in 2003 in direct response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks[1][4]. Its primary mission is to safeguard the United States from a wide range of threats—including terrorism, cyberattacks, natural disasters, and border-related risks—by coordinating efforts across federal, state, local, and private sectors[1][2][4]. With an annual budget of approximately $90–185 billion and over 240,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest federal department, reflecting its broad mandate and operational scale[1][4][6]. ## What DHS Does DHS operates through a network of agencies and directorates, each specializing in different aspects of domestic security. Its core functions include: - **Counterterrorism:** Preventing and responding to terrorist threats, both physical and cyber, through intelligence gathering, law enforcement coordination, and critical infrastructure protection[1][2][4]. - **Border and Transportation Security:** Managing and securing U.S. borders, ports, and transportation systems, including the oversight of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and Coast Guard[1][2][3]. - **Immigration and Customs Enforcement:** Enforcing immigration laws, including the detention and removal of individuals who pose national security or public safety risks[2][5]. - **Cybersecurity:** Defending federal networks and critical infrastructure from cyber threats, while promoting public-private partnerships to enhance national cyber resilience[1][4]. - **Disaster Preparedness and Response:** Leading federal disaster response efforts through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), coordinating with first responders, and supporting community recovery[1][3][6]. ## History and Key Achievements DHS was created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, consolidating

**Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)** is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), established in 2003 following the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which reorganized existing agencies post-9/11 to enhance national security[1][2]. ICE’s core mission is to protect the United States by enforcing immigration laws, conducting criminal investigations, and preserving public safety. ICE operates primarily through two major divisions: **Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)** and **Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO)**. HSI focuses on investigating and disrupting transnational criminal organizations involved in customs violations, human trafficking, terrorism, and smuggling. ERO is responsible for the apprehension, detention, and deportation of individuals unlawfully present in the U.S., operating detention facilities and managing removal procedures[2]. ICE’s international reach is managed by the Office of International Affairs (OIA), a key overseas investigative arm coordinating with foreign governments to combat cross-border crime, such as arms smuggling, forced labor, and immigration fraud. OIA supports intelligence gathering, training, treaty implementation, and facilitates global cooperation to preempt threats before they reach U.S. borders[3]. With a workforce exceeding 20,000 employees across more than 400 offices worldwide and an annual budget of about $8 billion, ICE plays a pivotal role in U.S. homeland security[1]. Its activities, especially those involving immigration enforcement and detention, have made it a highly visible and sometimes controversial agency in public discourse, often referred to colloquially in Spanish as "la migra"[2]. Notable achievements include disrupting large-scale criminal networks internationally and supporting the enforcement of over 400 federal statutes concerning customs, immigration, and terrorism prevention. ICE’s dynamic operational scope—spanning law enforcement, international diplomacy, and legal administration—makes it a critical component of U.S. efforts to maintain national security and uphold the rule of law[1][2][