WHO Slams US-Funded Newborn Vaccine Trial as Unethical

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1948, with a mandate to promote global health, coordinate international responses to public health threats, and set standards for health policies and interventions[2]. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO operates in over 150 countries, working with governments, NGOs, and other partners to advance health equity, strengthen health systems, and respond to health emergencies. ## What WHO Does WHO’s core activities include monitoring global health trends, setting international health standards, providing technical assistance to countries, and serving as a forum for scientific and policy discussions on health issues[2]. The organization publishes influential reports such as the annual **World Health Statistics**, which tracks progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provides a global “health report card”[1][8]. WHO also maintains the Model List of Essential Medicines, guiding countries on which drugs are most critical for public health[7]. In addition, WHO leads global campaigns on issues ranging from infectious disease eradication to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), maternal and child health, and health emergencies[2][6]. ## History and Key Achievements WHO’s history is marked by landmark achievements, including the eradication of smallpox, near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine[2]. The organization played a pivotal role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, coordinating global research, vaccine distribution, and public health guidance. In May 2025, WHO member states adopted the world’s first **Pandemic Agreement**, a historic step to improve international coordination and equity in future health crises[4]. WHO also spearheads initiatives like the Triple Billion Targets (healthier lives, universal health coverage, and protection from health emergencies) and technical policy packages targeting tobacco, alcohol, salt, and trans fat reduction[1][2]. ## Current Status and Notable Aspects WHO is currently implementing its **Fou

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a premier U.S. public health agency established on July 1, 1946, originally as the Communicable Disease Center. It evolved from the wartime Malaria Control in War Areas program (MCWA) created during World War II to combat malaria around military bases in the southern United States[1][3][7]. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, the CDC has grown from a regional malaria control unit to a comprehensive national and global health protection agency. The CDC’s mission is to protect public health and safety through disease control and prevention, health promotion, and emergency preparedness. It investigates and responds to emerging health threats such as infectious diseases—including COVID-19, influenza, and bioterrorism agents—as well as chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards, environmental health threats, and more[2][6]. The agency conducts scientific research via over 200 specialized laboratories nationwide, supports public health workforce development, and communicates critical health information to the public[6][5]. Throughout its history, the CDC has expanded its scope and structure significantly. It was renamed the Center for Disease Control in 1970, then the Centers for Disease Control in 1980 as it incorporated multiple centers, and finally adopted the current name, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 1992 to emphasize prevention efforts while retaining the CDC acronym for recognition[2][8]. Its organizational breadth now includes centers focused on infectious diseases, chronic diseases, environmental health, injury prevention, occupational safety, and health statistics. Notable achievements include leading vaccination campaigns against diseases like measles and rubella, advancing injury prevention, and mounting global efforts against infectious outbreaks. The CDC also played a pivotal role in combating antibiotic misuse and bioterrorism preparedness. Despite past controversies like the Tuskegee syphilis study, the agency remains a leader in epidemiology and public health innovation, employing a multidisciplinary workforce of scientists, clinicians, and public health experts dedicated t